Prepared by Keri Edwards for Goldbelt Heritage Foundation. Project funded by the Administration for Native Americans.
Browse the glossary using this index
Special | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O
P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ALL
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dance:dance a-S-ø-l'eix̲ (na act) for S to dance |
dangerous:scary; dangerous O-ka-u-l-x̲éitl'shán (ga state) for O to be scary, dangerous |
dark:precipitate (rain, snow, etc., esp. hard) a-ø-g̲éet (na event) for rain, hail, snow to fall (often hard, in dark rainstorm) dark (of sky) k̲u-ka-j-g̲éet~ (ø event) for the sky to be dark |
daylight:grow it (plant); turn it on (hose) O-ka-S-s-.aa~ (na act) for S to cause O (plant) to grow; for S to turn on O (hose), cause O to flow celebrate, set apart (a particular day) O-k̲ei-S-s-.aa~ (na event) for S to celebrate O, set apart O (a particular day) grow (of plant); flow, pour forth (of water) ka-ø-.aa~ (na act) for a plant to grow; for a stream of water to flow, pour forth grow (of plant) ka-s-.aa~ (na act) for a plant to grow daylight (become daylight, dawn) k̲ei-ø-.aa (na event) for it to become daylight, dawn run, migrate (of fish) VII ya-ø-.aa~ (na motion) for fish to run, migrate run, migrate (of fish) II P-t~ ya-ø-.aa~ (Ø motion) for fish to run at P |
decide:try it, attempt it O-ka-(u)-S-ø-.aak̲w (na act) for S to try, attempt O plan it O-ka-S-ø-.aak̲w~ (Ø act) for S to plan O order him/her, give him/her instructions (esp. concerning work) át O-ji-ka-u-S-ø-.aak̲w~ (na act) for S to give O orders, instructions (esp. concerning work) give him/her orders; command, instruct him/her át O-ka-S-ø-.aak̲w~ (na event) for S to give orders to, command, instruct O give him/her an opportunity to speak; give him/her directions as to what to say O-x̲'a-ka-(u)-S-ø-.aak̲w (na act) for S to give O an opportunity to speak; for S to give O directions as to what to say decide about it; plan it yan~ O-ka-S-ø-.aak̲w~ (ø motion) for S to make a decision about O; for S to finish planning O order oneself to do it; make oneself do it át sh ji-ka-S-d-.aak̲w~ (na event) for S to make oneself do something |
deep:deep (of water, snow, etc.) ø-dlaan~ (g̲a state) for water, snow, etc. to be deep, to be piled thickly deep, thick, piled up (of snow, pine needles, etc) yan~ ka-ø-dlaan~ (ø motion) for grain-like objects, pine needles, snow to be deep, thick, pile up |
defeat:win, gain, get, obtain it; acquire it; succeed, accomplish it; defeat him/her/it O-ya-S-ø-dlaak̲~ (na event) for S to gain, get, obtain, acquire O; for S to succeed, accomplish O; for S to defeat, beat O |
defecate:defecate a-S-ø-l'éel'~ (Ø act) for S to defecate poop oneself sh daa a-S-d-l'éel'~ (Ø event) for S to poop oneself |
defraud:tell, report about it; witness, testify about it O-ka-S-ø-neek~ (na act) for S to tell about, report about, give facts about O; for S to witness to, tell about, testify about O tell the story of it; talk into it O-ka-S-l-neek (na act) for S to tell the story of O; for S to talk into O explain it (N een) k̲unáax̲ daak O-ka-S-ø-neek~ (Ø act) for S to explain O (to N) tell on, inform on, betray (secret) kei O-ka-S-ø-neek~ (Ø motion) for S to tell on, inform on, betray O tell a story, narrate; preach sh ka-S-d-l-neek (na act) for S to preach, narrate, tell a story |
delayed:delayed, prevented, held back from plans (often due to inclement weather) O-ya-ø-seek~ (ø event) for O to be delayed, prevented, held back from plans (often due to inclement weather) |
dentures:áx kei saxíxji kaa ooxú kaa ooxú | |
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deny:deny, contradict, declare untrue P-x̲ a-ka-u-S-l-yáakw (na state) for S to deny, cotradict, declare P untrue |
desert:let go of, release him/her/it; leave, desert him/her/it; hand him/her/it over O-ji-S-ø-naak̲~ (ø event) for S to let go, release, relinquish O; for S to leave, desert O; for S to hand over, deliver up O quit, give up (esp. drinking) O-x̲'a-S-ø-naak̲~ (Ø event) for S to quit, give up O (esp. drinking) quit, stop work ji-S-d-naak̲~ (Ø event) for S to quit, stop work |
diarrhea:diarrhea (cause him/her to have diarrhea) O-S-l-s'éex̲' (g̲a event) for S to cause O to have diarrhea diarrhea (get, have diarrhea) O-ø-s'éex̲' (g̲a event) for O to get, have diarrhea |
die:inherit, receive property at the death of someone O-S-ø-naa~ (Ø event) for S to inherit O bury with appropriate ceremonial, give burial to and disperse property O-S-s-naa~ (na event) for S to bury O with appropriate ceremonial; for S to give O burial and disperse property die O-ø-naa~ (na event) for O to die |
difficult:difficult, almost impossible, hard (in abstract), frustrating O-l-dzée (ga state) for O to be very difficult, frustrating, almost impossible, hard, (in abstract) |
dig:polish, rub until shiny N daatx̲ k̲u-ka-S-s-haa~ (na act) for S to polish N; for S to rub N until shiny remind, cause to remember, bring to mind N káa daak O-sa-S-l-haa~ (Ø event; CV́V Hort/Pot) for S to remind O about N garden; dig a-ka-S-ø-haa~ (na act) for S to garden, dig plant it (using spade); dig it O-ka-S-ø-haa~ (na act) for S to plant O crowd, crowded, gather VII P-t~ O-ya-d-haa~ (Ø motion) for O to move in, come around, crowd at P (of large numbers, esp. people, birds) time for it P-t~ k̲u-ø-haa~ (ø motion) for the time to come for P gather it; pick it up; take it up O-ya-S-s-haa~ (ø act; CV́V Imp/Hort/Pot) for S to gather up, pick up, take up O have a turn N ée-t~ k̲u-ø-haa~ (ø motion) for N to have a turn hungry (make him/her hungry) N ée-t~ yaan-->O-S-s-haa~ (Ø motion) for S to make N hungry hungry N ée-t~ yaan ø-haa~ (ø motion) for N to be hungry dig it up kei O-ka-S-ø-haa~ (ø motion) for S to dig O up injure oneself sh tóo a-sha-S-d-l-háa (Ø event) for S to injure oneself obvious; clearly visible tlél ga-u-ø-háa (ga state) for something to be obvious, clearly visible want (often with strong feeling); decide, be decided about, intend to; agree to, be willing to (yéi) O-sa-S-ø-haa~ (na state) for S to want O (a certain way); for S to be decided about O; for S to agree to O |
dip:cook herring eggs by dipping briefly in boiling water and oil O-ka-S-sh-x̲'áal'~ (Ø event; CV́C' Hort/Pot) for S to cook O (herring eggs) by dipping in boiling water and oil |
dirty:soil it, get it dirty O-S-l-ch'éix̲'w~ (ø event) for S to dirty, soil O (esp. clothing or person) dirty (on surface) O-l-ch'éix̲'w~ (ø event) for O to be dirty |
disagree:tell, report about it; witness, testify about it O-ka-S-ø-neek~ (na act) for S to tell about, report about, give facts about O; for S to witness to, tell about, testify about O tell the story of it; talk into it O-ka-S-l-neek (na act) for S to tell the story of O; for S to talk into O explain it (N een) k̲unáax̲ daak O-ka-S-ø-neek~ (Ø act) for S to explain O (to N) tell on, inform on, betray (secret) kei O-ka-S-ø-neek~ (Ø motion) for S to tell on, inform on, betray O tell a story, narrate; preach sh ka-S-d-l-neek (na act) for S to preach, narrate, tell a story |
disappoint:break it (usually fairly fragile objects) O-ka-S-ø-wáal'~ (Ø event) for S to break O break his/her heart N toowú O-ka-S-l-wáal'~ (Ø event) for S to break N's heart, hurt N's feelings disappointed (lit. one's feelings are boken) N toowú ka-ø-wáal'~ (Ø event) for N to be disappointed break (usually fairly fragile objects) ka-ø-wáal'~ (Ø event) for something to break |
disappoint:break it (usually fairly fragile objects) O-ka-S-ø-wáal'~ (Ø event) for S to break O break his/her heart N toowú O-ka-S-l-wáal'~ (Ø event) for S to break N's heart, hurt N's feelings disappointed (lit. one's feelings are boken) N toowú ka-ø-wáal'~ (Ø event) for N to be disappointed break (usually fairly fragile objects) ka-ø-wáal'~ (Ø event) for something to break |
disappointed:disappoint him/her (lit. sting his/her mind) N toowú O-S-l-t'ooch~ (Ø event) for S to disappoint N (lit. for S to sting N's mind) disappointed (lit. mind is stinging) N toowú l-t'ooch~ (Ø event) for N to be disappointed (lit. for N's mind to be stinging) sting, be burning (from medicine) l-t'ooch~ (Ø event) for medicine to sting, burn |
discolored:bruised; discolored; colored O-ka-d-yéis'~ (ø event) for O to be colored, discolored, bruised |
distant:far, distant (that far, distant) (yéi) ka-u-ø-lei~ (na state) for something to be (so) far, distant (in time or space) |
dive:dive into the water; slap tail down hard as going down in water (esp. of killerwhale and beaver) a-d-sh-t'aakw~ (Ø event) for something to dive into the water; for something to slap tail down hard as going down in water (esp. of killerwhale and beaver) |
dizzy:sift it O-ka-S-l-g̲áat~ (Ø act) for S to sift O sprinkle it, scatter it carefully O-ka-S-l-g̲átch (na act) for S to sprinkle, scatter O carefully wander, wander around trying to find the way P-t yaa k̲u-S-d-l-g̲áat (na motion) for S to wander around at P; for S to wander around at P trying to find the way trap it, catch it in trap (deadfall or other, but not fishtrap) O-S-d-s-g̲aat~ (Ø event) for S to trap, catch O in trap (deadfall or other, but not fishtrap) dizzy (be dizzy) N daa yaa k̲u-ø-g̲áat~ (Ø event) for N to be dizzy dizzy (make him/her dizzy) N daa yaa k̲u-S-l-g̲áat~ (Ø event) for S to make N dizzy forget him/her/it yaa O-k̲u-S-l-g̲áat~ (Ø event) for S to forget O |
do:violate, break a law; do something wrong at géit~ S-d-s-geet~ (ø event) for S to violate, break (law or custom), to do something wrong |
do:carry them, take them (plural objects) IX P-dáx̲ yéi O-S-s-neiʰ~ (ga motion) for S to pick up, lift up, take (plural) O (objects) up off of P discipline, restrain, restrict, warn not to do, prevent from doing O-ya-u-S-ø-nei~ (g̲a act) for S to discipline, restrain, restrict, warn or prevent O from doing something get revenge, get even with him/her chush yáa O-S-d-s-neiʰ~ (na event) for S to get revenge, get even with O give, take, hand them to him/her (of plural objects) N jee-t~ yéi O-S-s-neiʰ~ (ø motion) for S to give, take, hand (plural) O to N demonstrate, show how to do it; perform it N wak̲shiyeex' yéi O-S-s-neiʰ~ (na event) for S to demonstrate, perform publicly, show N how to do O by action accident (have an accident); get hurt; happen (something bad to him/her) k̲áakw-t~ O-ø-neiʰ~ (ø motion) for O to have an accident, get hurt; for something bad to happen to O straighten it out; smooth it over wooch yáx̲ O-S-s-neiʰ~ (na event) for S to straighten out O, smooth O over (literal or abstract) finish it yan~ O-S-s-neiʰ~ (ø motion) for S to finish, complete O dressed up yan~ sh S-d-s-neiʰ~ (ø event) for S to dress up ready, complete, finished; permanent yan~ O-ø-neiʰ~ (ø motion) for O to be permanent, happen for good; for O to be finished, complete, ready; for O to be prepared, ready put them down, leave them (plural round, spherical objects) yan~ yéi O-ka-S-s-neiʰ~ (ø motion) for S to put down, leave O (plural round objects) work on it; do it (yéi) O-daa-S-ø-neiʰ~ (na act) for S to do, perform O (a particular action); for S to work on O happen (yéi) at ø-neiʰ (na event) for something to happen fix it; cause that to happen to it; do that to it (yéi) O-S-s-neiʰ~ (na event) for S to do (that) to O; for S to fix, cause (that) to happen to O work; do yéi ji-S-ø-neiʰ~ (na act) for S to work; for S to do happen, occur to him/her/it (yéi) O-ø-neiʰ (na event) for (that) to happen, occur to O |
Do you love me?: | |
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dominate:dominate (try to dominate) or trounce, attempt to overpower (like brown bear) N een sh ka-S-d-l-xoots~ (Ø event; CV́C Hort/Pot) for S to try to dominate or trounce or attempt to overpower N (like a brown bear) |
donate:donate it; load it (gun); shoot it (basketball) O-ka-S-ø-g̲éex' (na event) for S to donate O (esp. money); for S to load O (gun), put bullet in; for S to shoot O (basketball) contribute to it; donate to it; add to it P-t~ ka-S-d-g̲éex'~ (ø motion) for S to donate, contribute, add to P contribute, donate ka-S-d-g̲éex'~ (na event) for S to donate, contribute throw it up in the air (esp. ball) I kei O-ka-S-ø-g̲éex'~ (ø motion) for S to throw O (esp. ball) up in the air lose it k̲ut O-S-ø-g̲éex'~ (ga motion) for S to lose O lose it (round, spherical object) k̲ut O-ka-S-ø-g̲éex'~ (ga motion) for S to lose O (round, spherical object) |
Don’t wear your hats in school.:(Lit: you won’t wear your hats in school (this is the “prescriptive” use of the future tense). | |
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drag:drag it; pull it VII P-dáx̲ O-S-s-xáat'~ (na motion) for S to drag, pull O (esp. heavy object or limp object such as dead animal) away from P; for S to haul, transport O (by non-motor power) away from P |
drag:drag him/her; pull him/her VII P-dé O-S-ø-x̲óot'~ (na motion) for S to drag, pull O (esp. person) to P; for S to pull O in quick movements to P drag, pull it there; haul, transport it there (by motor power) P-dé O-S-s-x̲óot'~ (na motion) for S to drag, pull O to P; for S to haul, transport O (by motor power) to P sportfish, cast sha-S-d-l-x̲óot' (na act) for S to fish with rod, sportfish, cast |
drain:strain, filter it; drain it off O-ka-S-l-chaa~ (ø act) for S to strain, filter, drain off O |
drain:drain out, go dry (of kettle or other container) ka-l-koox~ (na event) for a kettle, container etc. to drain out, go dry thirsty; dry O-sha-ø-koox~ (ø event) for O to be thirsty; for O to be dry |
dress:dress up, smarten up, make an effort to look different sh ka-S-d-j-g̲eiy (Ø event) for S to dress up, smarten up, make an effort to look different |
dress:live (at a place) k̲u-S-ø-.oo~ (na state) for S to live, live at, dwell permanently put them, leave them there P-x' yéi O-S-ø-.oo (na event) for S to put, leave (plural) O at P pregnant, have a baby atk'átsk'u/yát(k') O-S-ø-.oo (na event) for S to have O (baby), be pregnant with O (baby) own, possess, have O-S-ø-.oo (na state) for S to own, possess, have O forgive, excuse him/her ch'a aadé yéi O-S-ø-.oo (na event) for S to forgive, excuse O dress him/her/it N náa yéi sha-S-ø-.oo (na act) for S to dress N frustrate him/her N toowú x̲'ool yáx̲ O-S-ø-.oo (na state; CV́V Imperfective) for S to frustrate N get dressed náa(x') yéi sha-S-d-.oo (na act) for S to get dressed angry, mean x'áan a-S-ø-.oo (na state; CV́V Imperfective) for S to be angry, mean wear it; use it yéi O-S-ø-.oo (na state) for S to wear, put on, dress in O; for S to use O |
dress up:carry them, take them (plural objects) IX P-dáx̲ yéi O-S-s-neiʰ~ (ga motion) for S to pick up, lift up, take (plural) O (objects) up off of P discipline, restrain, restrict, warn not to do, prevent from doing O-ya-u-S-ø-nei~ (g̲a act) for S to discipline, restrain, restrict, warn or prevent O from doing something get revenge, get even with him/her chush yáa O-S-d-s-neiʰ~ (na event) for S to get revenge, get even with O give, take, hand them to him/her (of plural objects) N jee-t~ yéi O-S-s-neiʰ~ (ø motion) for S to give, take, hand (plural) O to N demonstrate, show how to do it; perform it N wak̲shiyeex' yéi O-S-s-neiʰ~ (na event) for S to demonstrate, perform publicly, show N how to do O by action accident (have an accident); get hurt; happen (something bad to him/her) k̲áakw-t~ O-ø-neiʰ~ (ø motion) for O to have an accident, get hurt; for something bad to happen to O straighten it out; smooth it over wooch yáx̲ O-S-s-neiʰ~ (na event) for S to straighten out O, smooth O over (literal or abstract) finish it yan~ O-S-s-neiʰ~ (ø motion) for S to finish, complete O dressed up yan~ sh S-d-s-neiʰ~ (ø event) for S to dress up ready, complete, finished; permanent yan~ O-ø-neiʰ~ (ø motion) for O to be permanent, happen for good; for O to be finished, complete, ready; for O to be prepared, ready put them down, leave them (plural round, spherical objects) yan~ yéi O-ka-S-s-neiʰ~ (ø motion) for S to put down, leave O (plural round objects) work on it; do it (yéi) O-daa-S-ø-neiʰ~ (na act) for S to do, perform O (a particular action); for S to work on O happen (yéi) at ø-neiʰ (na event) for something to happen fix it; cause that to happen to it; do that to it (yéi) O-S-s-neiʰ~ (na event) for S to do (that) to O; for S to fix, cause (that) to happen to O work; do yéi ji-S-ø-neiʰ~ (na act) for S to work; for S to do happen, occur to him/her/it (yéi) O-ø-neiʰ (na event) for (that) to happen, occur to O |
drift:float, drift VII P-t O-l-haash~ (na motion) for O to float, drift around at P drift, float to it P-t~ O-l-haash~ (ø motion) for O to float, drift to P float, drift out to sea I daak O-l-haash~ (ø motion) for O to float, drift out to sea |
drill:drill it, bore hole in it O-S-ø-tool~ (Ø act; CV́C Hort/Pot) for S to drill, bore hole in O drill it; spin it (make it spin) O-ka-S-l-tool~ (na event) for S to make O spin; for S to drill O spin it O-ka-S-l-tool~ (na event) for S to spin O, make O spin roll up (anything flat and flexible) O-ka-S-l-tool~ (Ø act) for S to roll up O (anything flat and flexible) spin (top, etc.) ø-tool~ (Ø act; CV́C Hort/Pot) for something (top, etc.) to spin |
drink:drink in sips, sip (esp. hot liquids) O-S-ø-look~ (Ø act) for S to drink O in sips, sip O (esp. hot liquids) |
drink:drink at S-d-naa~ (ø act) for S to drink drink it O-S-d-naa~ (ø act) for S to drink O |
drink:drink by sucking, drink through a straw O-S-ø-s'eek̲~ (Ø act; CV́C Hort/Pot) for S to drink O by sucking; for S to drink O through a straw |
drip:drip, leak (at fairly fast rate) ka-l-x'áas (ø event) for something to drip, leak (at fairly fast rate) |
drop:fall on it (of small, compact object) IX ø-xeex~ (g̲a motion) for an object (usually small, compact) to fall fall, drop through it IX P-náx̲ ka-ø-xeex~ (g̲a motion) for something (usually a round object) to fall, drop through P hit it, fall against it, drop into it (esp. round object) P-t~ ka-ø-xeex~ (ø motion) for something (usually a round , spherical object such as a bullet, ball) to hit, fall against, drop into P blow there (esp. of strong wind) II P-t~ ø-xeex~ (Ø motion) for a strong wind to blow at P fall, drop on it; hit it (of bullet); spread, go around (of rumor or news) P-t~ ø-xeex~ (ø motion) for something to fall or drop on P; for a bullet to hit P; for a rumor, news to spread, go around at P fall around (esp. of object inside container); wobbly VII P-t ø-xeex~ (na motion) for something to fall around at P (esp. inside a container) run (singular subject) II P-t~ S-j-xeex~ (ø motion) for (singular) S to run to P, arrive at P by running move through the sky (sun, moon); fall, drop (of small object) I daak ø-xeex~ (Ø motion) for the sun, moon to come out; for something (esp. a small, compact object) to fall, drop run out of something N jeet~ shu-ø-xeex~ (ø event) for N to run out of something stuck in one's throat; choke N leitóox̲-t~ ø-xeex (Ø motion) for something to be stuck in N's throat; for N to choke on something worry him/her N tóot ø-xeex~ (na event) for something to worry N; for N to have something constantly on the mind run (singular subject) III g̲unéi S-j-xeex~ (ø motion) for (singular) S to begin running rise (of sun or moon) kei ø-xeex~ (ø motion) for the sun, moon to rise run (singular subject) VIII k̲ut S-j-xeex~ (ga motion) for (singular) S to run away end; used up shu-ø-xeex~ (na event) for something to end, come to an end, pass; for something to be used up (of supplies, etc.) run (singular subject) VII P-dé S-j-xeex~ (na motion) for (singular) S to run toward P happen, occur, take place ya-ø-xeex~ (na event) for something to take place, occur, happen set (of sun, moon) yínde ø-xeex~ (na motion) for the sun, moon to set blow (esp. of strong wind) VII ø-xeex~ (na motion) for the wind to blow |
dry:drain out, go dry (of kettle or other container) ka-l-koox~ (na event) for a kettle, container etc. to drain out, go dry thirsty; dry O-sha-ø-koox~ (ø event) for O to be thirsty; for O to be dry |
dry:dry it O-S-s-xook~ (Ø act) for S to dry O (by any method) dry ø-xook~ (ø event) for something to be dry, dried |
dry:dry fish, meat at S-ø-x̲'aan~ (ø act) for S to dry (fish, meat) over fire, smoke lightly |
dull:dull, blunt ya-d-g̲éel~ (ø event) for an edge to be blunt, dull |
dump:pour it out; dump it out P-dé O-ka-S-ø-xaa~ (na motion) for S to pour O into P, pour O out at P; for S to dump, empty O in one mass (by turning over container) at P pour it P-dé O-ya-S-s-xaa~ (na motion) for S to pour O on/in P pour it, dump it II P-t~ O-ka-S-s-xaa~ (ø motion) for S to pour, dump, empty O at P |
dye:dye it; stain it; color it O-ka-S-l-séik̲'w~ (ø act; CV́C' Hort/Pot) for S to stain, dye, color the surface of O stained, dyed, colored O-ka-d-séik̲'w~ (ø event) for O to be stained, dyed, colored dye, color, stain (face, hair, etc.); put on one's makeup ya-ka-S-d-l-séik̲'w~ (ø act; CV́C' Hort/Pot) for S to put on makeup |
