Prepared by Keri Edwards for Goldbelt Heritage Foundation. Project funded by the Administration for Native Americans.
Browse the glossary using this index
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habit:think over, consider, make up one's mind about (singular subject) N daa yoo tu-S-ø-taan~ (ø act) for (singular) S to think over, consider, make up one's mind about N change one's mind; think it over and reconsider, be converted (singular subject) N daatx̲ k̲ux̲ tu-S-d-taan~ (Ø motion) for (singular) S to change mind about N; for (singular) S to think over and reconsider N wash over it (of waves) V N kanax̲ ji-ya-s-taan~ (Ø motion; CV́C Hort/Pot) for waves to wash over N cover it (esp. pot) with something at S-ø-taan~ (g̲a event) for S to cover (esp. pot, etc.), put on lid carry it, take it (container or hollow object) VIII O-S-ø-taan~ (ga motion) for S to carry, take O (usually a container or hollow object) bend it (long, simple object) O-ka-S-taan~ (na event) for S to bend O (usually long, simple object) over like to do it; in the habit of doing it O-ka-u-S-sh-tán (ga state) for S to be in habit of doing O; for S to do O frequently because S enjoys doing it carry it, take it (container or hollow object) II P-t~ O-S-ø-taan~ (ø motion) for S to carry, take O (usually a hollow object) to P extend to it; end there P-t shu-ka-ø-tán (position) for something to extend to, end at P sit there (of container or hollow object) P-t ø-tán (position) for a container or hollow object to sit at P precipitate (rain, snow, etc) daak s-taan~ (ø event) for rain, snow to fall speak, talk to him/her (singular subject) N ée-t~ x̲'a-S-ø-taan~ (ø motion) for S to speak, talk to N call him/her on the phone VII N jeedé x̲'a-S-d-taan~ (na motion) for (singular) S to call N on telephone give, take, hand it to him/her (long, complex object) N jee-t~ O-S-s-taan~ (ø motion) for S to give, take, hand O (usually long, complex object) to N call him/her on the phone II N jee-t~ x̲'a-S-d-taan~ (ø motion) for S to call N on telephone put trust in, rely on, have faith in N káa yan tu-S-ø-taan~ (Ø motion) for S to put trust in, rely on, have faith in N rough (of ocean) ji-s-taan~ (na event) for the ocean to be rough bring it out, unearth it; pick it up (usually long, complex object) kei O-S-s-taan~ (ø motion) for S to bring out, unearth O (usually long, complex object)(esp. from a box or other container or place which O is kept); for S to pick up, lift up O raise one's hand I kei ji-S-s-taan~ (Ø motion) for S to raise a hand speak, talk, make speech (singular subject) x̲'a-S-d-taan~ (na event) for (singular) S to speak, talk, make a speech put it down (small, stick-like object) yan O-ka-S-s-taan~ (ø motion) for S to put down, lay down, leave, place O (usually quite small, stick-like object) put it down, leave it (long, complex object) yan O-S-s-taan~ (ø motion) for S to put down, lay down, leave, place O (usually long, complex object) hit, reach the beach (of waves) yan ji-s-taan~ (Ø motion) for waves to hit, reach the beach lower one's hand yan~ ji-S-s-taan~ (Ø motion) for S to lower a hand stop speaking, stop talking (singular subject) II yan~ x̲'a-S-d-taan~ (Ø motion) for (singular) S to stop talking bent yóo ka-ø-tán (position) for something to be bent speak to, talk to (singular subject) yoo x̲'a-S-ø-taan~ (ø act) for (singular) S to speak to, talk to bend over, lean down (singular subject) yínde sh ka-S-d-taan~ (na motion) for (singular) S to bend over, lean down decide, make up one's mind; feel, think (a certain way) (yéi) tu-S-d-taan~ (na event) for (singular) S to decide, make up one's mind (that way) |
hairy:hairy N daa-d-s-x̲áaw (ga state) for N to have a hairy body |
hand over:let go of, release him/her/it; leave, desert him/her/it; hand him/her/it over O-ji-S-ø-naak̲~ (ø event) for S to let go, release, relinquish O; for S to leave, desert O; for S to hand over, deliver up O quit, give up (esp. drinking) O-x̲'a-S-ø-naak̲~ (Ø event) for S to quit, give up O (esp. drinking) quit, stop work ji-S-d-naak̲~ (Ø event) for S to quit, stop work |
happen:fall on it (of small, compact object) IX ø-xeex~ (g̲a motion) for an object (usually small, compact) to fall fall, drop through it IX P-náx̲ ka-ø-xeex~ (g̲a motion) for something (usually a round object) to fall, drop through P hit it, fall against it, drop into it (esp. round object) P-t~ ka-ø-xeex~ (ø motion) for something (usually a round , spherical object such as a bullet, ball) to hit, fall against, drop into P blow there (esp. of strong wind) II P-t~ ø-xeex~ (Ø motion) for a strong wind to blow at P fall, drop on it; hit it (of bullet); spread, go around (of rumor or news) P-t~ ø-xeex~ (ø motion) for something to fall or drop on P; for a bullet to hit P; for a rumor, news to spread, go around at P fall around (esp. of object inside container); wobbly VII P-t ø-xeex~ (na motion) for something to fall around at P (esp. inside a container) run (singular subject) II P-t~ S-j-xeex~ (ø motion) for (singular) S to run to P, arrive at P by running move through the sky (sun, moon); fall, drop (of small object) I daak ø-xeex~ (Ø motion) for the sun, moon to come out; for something (esp. a small, compact object) to fall, drop run out of something N jeet~ shu-ø-xeex~ (ø event) for N to run out of something stuck in one's throat; choke N leitóox̲-t~ ø-xeex (Ø motion) for something to be stuck in N's throat; for N to choke on something worry him/her N tóot ø-xeex~ (na event) for something to worry N; for N to have something constantly on the mind run (singular subject) III g̲unéi S-j-xeex~ (ø motion) for (singular) S to begin running rise (of sun or moon) kei ø-xeex~ (ø motion) for the sun, moon to rise run (singular subject) VIII k̲ut S-j-xeex~ (ga motion) for (singular) S to run away end; used up shu-ø-xeex~ (na event) for something to end, come to an end, pass; for something to be used up (of supplies, etc.) run (singular subject) VII P-dé S-j-xeex~ (na motion) for (singular) S to run toward P happen, occur, take place ya-ø-xeex~ (na event) for something to take place, occur, happen set (of sun, moon) yínde ø-xeex~ (na motion) for the sun, moon to set blow (esp. of strong wind) VII ø-xeex~ (na motion) for the wind to blow |
happen:carry them, take them (plural objects) IX P-dáx̲ yéi O-S-s-neiʰ~ (ga motion) for S to pick up, lift up, take (plural) O (objects) up off of P discipline, restrain, restrict, warn not to do, prevent from doing O-ya-u-S-ø-nei~ (g̲a act) for S to discipline, restrain, restrict, warn or prevent O from doing something get revenge, get even with him/her chush yáa O-S-d-s-neiʰ~ (na event) for S to get revenge, get even with O give, take, hand them to him/her (of plural objects) N jee-t~ yéi O-S-s-neiʰ~ (ø motion) for S to give, take, hand (plural) O to N demonstrate, show how to do it; perform it N wak̲shiyeex' yéi O-S-s-neiʰ~ (na event) for S to demonstrate, perform publicly, show N how to do O by action accident (have an accident); get hurt; happen (something bad to him/her) k̲áakw-t~ O-ø-neiʰ~ (ø motion) for O to have an accident, get hurt; for something bad to happen to O straighten it out; smooth it over wooch yáx̲ O-S-s-neiʰ~ (na event) for S to straighten out O, smooth O over (literal or abstract) finish it yan~ O-S-s-neiʰ~ (ø motion) for S to finish, complete O dressed up yan~ sh S-d-s-neiʰ~ (ø event) for S to dress up ready, complete, finished; permanent yan~ O-ø-neiʰ~ (ø motion) for O to be permanent, happen for good; for O to be finished, complete, ready; for O to be prepared, ready put them down, leave them (plural round, spherical objects) yan~ yéi O-ka-S-s-neiʰ~ (ø motion) for S to put down, leave O (plural round objects) work on it; do it (yéi) O-daa-S-ø-neiʰ~ (na act) for S to do, perform O (a particular action); for S to work on O happen (yéi) at ø-neiʰ (na event) for something to happen fix it; cause that to happen to it; do that to it (yéi) O-S-s-neiʰ~ (na event) for S to do (that) to O; for S to fix, cause (that) to happen to O work; do yéi ji-S-ø-neiʰ~ (na act) for S to work; for S to do happen, occur to him/her/it (yéi) O-ø-neiʰ (na event) for (that) to happen, occur to O |
happy:happy, glad N toowú s-góo (ga state) for N to be happy, glad want, like N tuwáa S-s-góo (ga state) for N to want, like, desire S; for S to be pleasing to N unhappy, lonesome tlél O-tu-sh-góo (ga state) for O to be unhappy, lonesome |
hard:harden, cake up ka-ø-t'éex' (ga state) for something to harden, cake up hard (esp. of round object) ka-s-t'éex' (ga state) for something to be hard (esp. of round object) difficult, hard (in abstract) ø-t'éex' (ga state) for something to be hard (abstract), difficult freeze, frozen; harden; solidify d-l-t'éex'~ (ø event) for something to harden, solidify; for something to freeze |
hate:hate him/her/it O-S-sh-k'aan~ (ga state) for S to hate O |
Hats aren’t to be worn inside.: | |
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have a turn:polish, rub until shiny N daatx̲ k̲u-ka-S-s-haa~ (na act) for S to polish N; for S to rub N until shiny remind, cause to remember, bring to mind N káa daak O-sa-S-l-haa~ (Ø event; CV́V Hort/Pot) for S to remind O about N garden; dig a-ka-S-ø-haa~ (na act) for S to garden, dig plant it (using spade); dig it O-ka-S-ø-haa~ (na act) for S to plant O crowd, crowded, gather VII P-t~ O-ya-d-haa~ (Ø motion) for O to move in, come around, crowd at P (of large numbers, esp. people, birds) time for it P-t~ k̲u-ø-haa~ (ø motion) for the time to come for P gather it; pick it up; take it up O-ya-S-s-haa~ (ø act; CV́V Imp/Hort/Pot) for S to gather up, pick up, take up O have a turn N ée-t~ k̲u-ø-haa~ (ø motion) for N to have a turn hungry (make him/her hungry) N ée-t~ yaan-->O-S-s-haa~ (Ø motion) for S to make N hungry hungry N ée-t~ yaan ø-haa~ (ø motion) for N to be hungry dig it up kei O-ka-S-ø-haa~ (ø motion) for S to dig O up injure oneself sh tóo a-sha-S-d-l-háa (Ø event) for S to injure oneself obvious; clearly visible tlél ga-u-ø-háa (ga state) for something to be obvious, clearly visible want (often with strong feeling); decide, be decided about, intend to; agree to, be willing to (yéi) O-sa-S-ø-haa~ (na state) for S to want O (a certain way); for S to be decided about O; for S to agree to O |
Have faith and it shall be so.: | |
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He was a casualty of advocating for the people.: | |
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He went courting.:(This could refer to the groom-to-be in search of a bride, or to the uncle or father of the bride-to-be.) | |
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heal:save him/her/it; heal, cure him/her/it O-S-s-neix̲ (g̲a event) for S to save O; for S to heal, cure O saved, healed, cured, recovered; satisfied O-ø-neix̲~ (g̲a event) for O to be saved; for O to be healed, cured, recover; for O to be satisfied |
heat:warm it up O-S-s-t'aaʰ~ (ø act) for S to warm O (water, etc.) comfort him/her N toowú S-l-t'aaʰ~ (ø act; CV́V Imp/Hort/Pot) for S to comfort N hot, warm (of weather) k̲u-ø-t'aaʰ~ (ø state) for the weather to be warm, hot warm, hot ø-t'aaʰ~ (ø event) for something to be warm, hot hot ya-ø-t'aaʰ~ (ø event) for something to be hot, heated |
held back:delayed, prevented, held back from plans (often due to inclement weather) O-ya-ø-seek~ (ø event) for O to be delayed, prevented, held back from plans (often due to inclement weather) |
help:hope for it; expect it; desire it át a-S-d-shee~ (ø event) for S to hope, desire and expect something touch, pick up á-t~ S-ø-shee~ (ø motion) for S to touch, take, pick up help, assist him/her N ée-t~ S-d-shee~ (ø event) for S (person, medicine, etc.) to help, give help to, assist N put arm(s) around him/her V N séináx̲ ya-u-S-ø-shee~ (Ø motion) for S to put arm(s) around N |
hide:hide oneself a-S-d-l-seen~ (ø event; CV́C Hort/Pot) for S to hide oneself, remain out of sight hide it; put it out of sight, conceal O-S-l-seen~ (ø event; CV́C Hort/Pot) for S to hide, conceal, put O out of sight |
hit:beat it; ring it; stab it O-S-ø-gwaal~ (ga act) for S to beat O (esp. drum), ring (bell); for S to stab O hit him/her/it in the face; punch him/her O-ya-S-ø-gwaal~ (ø event) for S to hit O in the face (with fist), punch O ring (telephone or bell) sh da-gwaal~ (ø act) for a telephone or bell to ring |
hoarse:put it out (fire); turn it off (light) O-ya-ka-S-l-kées'~ (ø event) for S to put out, extinguish O (fire); for S to turn off O (light) hoarse (make him/her have hoarse, scratchy voice) N satú --> O-ka-S-l-kées'~ (Ø event; CV́C' Hort/Pot) for S to make N have hoarse, scratchy voice hoarse (have hoarse or scratchy voice), have a tickle in the throat N satú / N leitóox̲ ka-Ø-kées'~ (Ø event; CV́C' Hort/Pot) for N's voice to be hoarse, scratchy (with N satú); for N to have a tickle in the throat (with N leitóox̲) go out (of fire, light) ya-ka-l-kées'~ (ø event) for a fire, light to go out end, pass (of month) (ya-)ka-ø-kées'~ (Ø event; CV́C' Hort/Pot) for a month to end, pass |
hold:catch it; grab him/her/it; arrest him/her/it; trap him/her/it O-S-ø-sháat~ (ga event) for S to catch O; for S to grab, take hold of, snatch O; for S to arrest O; for S to trap O gust (move in gusts (of weather)) II P-t~ a-ya-ø-sháat~ (Ø motion) for the wind, weather to move in gusts to P hold it; capture it; hold it captive O-S-l-sháat~ (g̲a act) for S to hold, retain O in one's grasp; for S to capture, hold O captive change one's mind k̲ux̲ tu-S-d-sháat~ (ø motion) for S to change one's mind |
hold:hold more, contain more; hold a lot (of container) l-yék (ga state) for something to hold more, contain more; for something to hold a lot |
hole:hole (have a hole, outlet) ø-wóol (ga state) for something to have a hole, outlet |
hook:hook it; gaff it (of fish) O-S-ø-k'éex̲'~ (ø event) for S to hook O; for S to gaff O hook it in the head; gaff it in the head (of fish) O-sha-S-ø-k'éex̲'~ (ø event) for S to hook O in the head; for S to gaff O in the head delayed; stuck, hung up there; hooked P-náx̲ O-sh-k'éex̲'~ (ga motion) for O to get delayed, stuck, hung up, hooked at P |
hope:hope for it; expect it; desire it át a-S-d-shee~ (ø event) for S to hope, desire and expect something touch, pick up á-t~ S-ø-shee~ (ø motion) for S to touch, take, pick up help, assist him/her N ée-t~ S-d-shee~ (ø event) for S (person, medicine, etc.) to help, give help to, assist N put arm(s) around him/her V N séináx̲ ya-u-S-ø-shee~ (Ø motion) for S to put arm(s) around Na |
hot:hot (of fire); throw, radiate heat II P-t~ s-t'áax̲'~ (Ø motion) for a fire, etc. to be hot, radiate, throw out heat at P |
How many (turns) does s/he have (in context of playing a game)?: | |
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How many teeth do you have?: | |
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How much (money) did you find under your pillow?: | |
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How much money did the tooth fairy give you?: | |
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hug:hug him/her II N séit~ ka-S-d-dootl~ (Ø motion) for S to hug N |
hung up:hook it; gaff it (of fish) O-S-ø-k'éex̲'~ (ø event) for S to hook O; for S to gaff O hook it in the head; gaff it in the head (of fish) O-sha-S-ø-k'éex̲'~ (ø event) for S to hook O in the head; for S to gaff O in the head delayed; stuck, hung up there; hooked P-náx̲ O-sh-k'éex̲'~ (ga motion) for O to get delayed, stuck, hung up, hooked at P |
hungry:hungry for it, crave it P-dáx̲ x̲'a-S-d-nook~ (Ø event) for S to be hungry for, crave P touch, feel it (esp. with hands) jée O-S-d-nook~ (ø state) for S to touch, feel O (esp. with hands) blow, be felt (of breeze, light wind) du-ø-nook~ (ø event) for the wind to blow, be felt (esp. a breeze, light wind) angry, mad, mean x'áan-t~ S-ø-nook~ (ø motion) for S to be angry, mad, mean taste it x̲'éi O-S-d-nook~ (ø state) for S to taste, sample O prove, verify, find out and be sure of; investigate, make trial of, test out yan~ O-ka-S-nook~ (Ø motion) for S to prove, verify, find out and be sure of O; for S to investigate, make trial of, test out O do, behave like, act (in a certain way) (yéi) k̲u-S-ø-nook~ (na act) for S to behave, do, act (in a certain way) feel (a certain way) (yéi) sh tu-S-d-nook~ (na state) for S to feel (that way) (esp. physical sensation) taste (a certain way) (yéi) du-ø-nook (Ø state) for something to taste (a certain way) |
hungry:polish, rub until shiny N daatx̲ k̲u-ka-S-s-haa~ (na act) for S to polish N; for S to rub N until shiny remind, cause to remember, bring to mind N káa daak O-sa-S-l-haa~ (Ø event; CV́V Hort/Pot) for S to remind O about N garden; dig a-ka-S-ø-haa~ (na act) for S to garden, dig plant it (using spade); dig it O-ka-S-ø-haa~ (na act) for S to plant O crowd, crowded, gather VII P-t~ O-ya-d-haa~ (Ø motion) for O to move in, come around, crowd at P (of large numbers, esp. people, birds) time for it P-t~ k̲u-ø-haa~ (ø motion) for the time to come for P gather it; pick it up; take it up O-ya-S-s-haa~ (ø act; CV́V Imp/Hort/Pot) for S to gather up, pick up, take up O have a turn N ée-t~ k̲u-ø-haa~ (ø motion) for N to have a turn hungry (make him/her hungry) N ée-t~ yaan-->O-S-s-haa~ (Ø motion) for S to make N hungry hungry N ée-t~ yaan ø-haa~ (ø motion) for N to be hungry dig it up kei O-ka-S-ø-haa~ (ø motion) for S to dig O up injure oneself sh tóo a-sha-S-d-l-háa (Ø event) for S to injure oneself obvious; clearly visible tlél ga-u-ø-háa (ga state) for something to be obvious, clearly visible want (often with strong feeling); decide, be decided about, intend to; agree to, be willing to (yéi) O-sa-S-ø-haa~ (na state) for S to want O (a certain way); for S to be decided about O; for S to agree to O |
hunt:hunt a-S-ø-l'óon (na act) for S to hunt hunt it, stalk it O-S-ø-l'óon (na act) for S to hunt O (wild game) |
hurry:hurry sh yáa S-d-wootl~ (Ø event; CV́C Hort/Pot) for S to be in a hurry |