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The Kobuk Junior Dictionary is from the 1979 Alaska Native Language Center Publication, available for purchase for $30 the ANLC website.

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T

table : niġiñiaġviich or niġġiviich The table is big. Niġiñiaġviich aŋirut.

taboo : to be taboo agliġnaq- it is taboo, it is forbidden to be eaten or done for religious reasons, it must be abstained from, it must be avoided agiliġnaqtuq In the old days, they avoided direct contact with anyone they considered taboo. Agliġnaqtuaq taimani quŋuġigaat.

tack : taiguraq, dl. taigurak, pl. taigurat [Eng.] The tack is sharp. Taiguraq ipiktuq.

tail : pamiuq, dl. pamiuk, pl. pamiut The fox’s tail has a white tip. Kayuqtum pamiuŋa qatiqtaamik nuvuqaqtuq. 2. bird’s tail papik, dl. pappak, pl. papkich Ducks and birds have tails. Tiŋmiaġruiḷḷu tiŋmiurallu, papiqaqtut.

tailbone : -sacrum- pamiałłuk, dl. pamiałłuuk, pl. pamiałłuich The tailbone is a part of the body. Pamiałłuk timimi ittuq.

take : to take along inadvertently, to take in, to include taputi- he has taken it along inadvertently, she has included it taputigaa, dl. taputigaak, pl. taputigaat He has taken along the mate of my glove. Argaaġma igḷua taputigaa. 2. to take away from someone aat- he has taken it away from her aatkaa, dl. aatkaak, pl. aatkaat They have taken his belongings away from him. Aatkaat suuraiñik. 3. to take back something satui- he is taking back -something- indirect object satuiruq, dl. satuiruk, pl. satuirut She got back what she gave. Aatchuutmiñik satuiruq. 4. to take back satuq- He took it back. Satuġaa. 5. Take it to her/him. Ilaanuutiuŋ or Ilaanuuttuuŋ.

talk : to talk, speak uqaq- he is talking, he said uqaqtuq, dl. uqaqtuk, pl. uqaqtut The person is talking. Iñuk uqaqtuq. 2. to be talking, conversing uqqaaġik- She is talking. Uqqaaġiksuq.

tan : to get a tan; to become bleached by the weather siḷali- she has gotten a tan siḷaliruq, dl. siḷaliruk, pl. silalirut She got a tan from being outside. Siḷaliruq aniiqami.

tangle : to be tangled iḷḷak- It is tangled iḷḷaktuq, dl. iḷḷaktuk, pl. iḷḷaktut The thread is tangled. Iḷḷaktuq ivaluksraq.

taste : to taste, to try something uuksi- he is tasting uuksiruq, dl. uuksiruk, pl. uuksirut He tasted the food I cooked. Uuksiruq nikniagamnik. Let me have a taste. Uuksiḷḷaglaŋali. 2. to taste, to try uuk- He is tasting it. He has tried it. Uukkaa.

tattoo : facial tattoo lines tupiich There are many tattoo lines on the woman’s face. Aġnam tupii iñugiaktut kigiñaŋani.

tea : saiyu, dl. saiyuk, pl. saiyut [Russ.] The tea is boiling. Saiyu qalattuq. 2. Hudson’s bay tea tilaaqqiuq, dl. tilaaqqiuk, pl. tilaaqqiut Hudson’s bay tea blends well with regular tea. Tilaaqqiuq saiyumun avugiksuq.

tea kettle : uunaqsiivik, dl. uunaqsiiviik, pl. uunaqsiiviich The tea kettle is used to heat water. Uunaqsiivik atuġaqtuq imiġmik uunaqsiiruni. 2. tea kettle saiñik, dl. saiññak, pl. saiñŋich [Russ.] Where is the kettle? Naami saiñik?

teach : to teach, to instruct someone iḷisautri- he is teaching someone iḷisautriruq, dl. iḷisautriruk, pl. iḷisautrirut He is teaching piano. Iḷisautriruq atuqtuurałiġmik. 2. to teach, to instruct iḷisauti- she is teaching him iḷisautigaa, dl. obj. iḷisautigik, pl. obj. iḷisautigai He is teaching him how to make a sled. Iḷisautigaa qiḷġiḷiḷiġmik.

teacher : teacher, instructor iḷisautri, dl. iḷisautrik, pl. iḷisautrit The teacher is teaching reading. Iḷisautri iḷisautriruq agliqiłiġmik. 2. teacher aglakti, dl. aglaktik, pl. aglaktit The teachers have left. Aglaktit aullaqtut.

teal : green-winged teal qaiŋiq, qaiŋiuraq, qaaŋiuraq, dl. qaiŋik, pl. qaiŋich The green-winged teal is a small duck. Qaiŋiq uvva una tiŋmiaġruurauruq.

teapot : saiyutuġvik, dl. saiyutuġviik, pl. saiyutuġviich The teapot is used when making tea. Saiyutuġvik atuġaqtuq saiyyiuqtuni.

tear : qulvi, dl. qulvik, pl. qulvich [see also weep] Her tears fell one by one. Qulvii katagataarut.

tear : to tear alik- It has been torn. aliŋniqsuq. He tore his own coat. Alikkaa quppiġaani. 2. to accidently tear, to tear quickly aliktiq- Oh! Oh! I have torn it! Iitya! Aliktiġiga!

teeth : kigun, dl. kigutik, pl. kigutit The teeth are for chewing food. Kigutit tamuutaurut niqimun. 2. cutting teeth sivuqqat The women use the cutting teeth when crimping mukluk soles. Sivuqqat atuġuugaich aġnat kigiraqamiŋ. 3. lower teeth atlimġaat There are sixteen lower teeth. Atlimġaat akimiaq atausriuraqtut. 4. to have food particles between teeth; to clean between teeth, as with a toothpick kukkiḷi- he has food particles between his teeth; he is cleaning between his [own] teeth kukkiḷiruq, dl. kukkiḷiruk, pl. kukkiḷirut He is cleaning his own teeth after eating. Kukkiḷiruq niġianikami.

tell : to tell uqauti- she told him uqautigaa, dl. uqautigaak, pl. uqautigaat He told her what to do. Uqautigaa sułiksraŋanik. 2. to tell about something uqaaqtuq- he is relating an experience, he is telling about uqaaqtuqtuq, dl. uqaaqtuqtuk, pl. uqaaqtuqtut The man is telling about what happened in the past. Aŋun uqaaqtuqtuq taimani suraġałhatnik.

temple : igurvik, dl. igurviik, pl. igurviich The temple is in front of the ear. Igurvik ittuq sivuġaani siutim.

tempt : to tempt piyuaq-, aŋiqusraaq- he is tempting her piyuaġaa or aŋiqusraaġaa, dl. piyuaġaak, pl. piyuaġaat The devil is tempting the person. Tuunġaum iñuk piyuaġaa. or Tuunġaum aŋiqusraaġaa iñuk. 2. to become tempted, to become induced to want something ikłitchak- she is tempted -lit. induced to want the other- ikłitchaktuq, dl. ikłitchaktuk. pl. ikłitchaktut He now wishes to have the jacket. Ikłitchaktuq quppiġaamik.

ten : qulit Here are ten balls. Uvva ukua qulit aqsraat. 2. to be ten quliŋu- There are ten of them. Quliŋurut.

tenderloin : uliutim niqaa The tenderloins are located on the sides of the back bone. Tunumi, kiyupikkat avataatni, uliutim niqaa ittuq.

tendon : tendon, ligament nukik, dl. nukiik, pl. nukigich People and animals have tendons. Iñuiḷḷu aŋŋugaurallu nukiqaqtut. 2. back tendon, the large internal muscle of the loin uliun, dl. uliutik, pl. uliutit see also sinew The back tendons of caribou are used as thread. Tuttum uliutik ivaluuraqtuk.

tent : palapkaaq, dl. palapkaak, pl. palapkaat A tent can be used during the summer. Palapkaaq atuġnaqtuq auraġmi. 2. eight foot by four foot wall. tent -lit. with four, meaning four panels long- sisamalik, dl. sisamallak, pl. sisamalgich My father is setting up the four-paneled tent. Taataa nappaġaa sisamaligauraq. 3. ten foot by twelve foot wall tent lit. with five, meaning five panels long tallimalik, dl. tallimallak, pl. tallimalgich There is a five-paneled tent is up at our summer camp. Tallimalik palapkaaq ittuq qamani auriviptitni. 4. twelve foot by fourteen foot wall tent -lit. with six, meaning six panels long- itchaksralik, dl. itchaksrallak, pl. itchaksralgich A six-paneled tent is large. Itchaksralik palapkaaq aŋiruq. 5. winter tent made of animal skins itchalik Where is the winter tent? Itchalik nani itpa?

tern : arctic tern mitqutaiḷaq, dl. mitqutaiḷak, pl. mitqutaiḷat The arctic tern fishes for small fish from the lake. Mitqutaiḷaq qaluŋniuraġuuruq qaluayaanik narvamiñ.

terrible : to be terrible, to be frightening tatamnaq- it is terrible, it is very frightening tatamnaqtuq An earthquake is frightening. Nuna iḷiqsraqman tatamnaqtuq.

test : to test something, to try something on uuktuaq- he is testing something, he is trying something uuktuaqtuq, dl. uuktuaqtuk, pl. uuktuaqtut He is trying to see if he can get way across there. Uuktuaqtuq taakmuŋa tikiḷhiñaukmaŋaaġmi. He tested it. Uuktuaġaa. She tested the snowmachine. Uuktuaġaa igliġutnaq.

testicle : igruk, dl. igruuk, pl. igruich

thank you : quyaanna 2. taiku or taikuu [Eng.] Thank you for taking me here. Taikuu mauŋautiluġikma. 3. to be thankful, grateful, happy quya- he is thankful quyaruq, dl. quyaruk, pl. quyarut The man was thankful when the fire was extinguished. Aŋun quyaruq iki qamipman. 4. to be cause for thanks quyanaq- it is the cause for thanks quyanaqtuq, dl. quyanaqtuk, pl. quyanaqtut Having food is cause for thanks. Quyanaqtuq niqiqaqtuni.

that, those : that, closer to the listener than to the speaker, is not lengthy and not in motion taamna, dl. taapkuak, pl. taapkua That man is friendly. Taamna aŋun iḷammaġiksuq. Those -2- girls are friendly. Taapkuak aġnaurak iḷaminaġiksuk. Those -3 or more- women are friendly. Taapkua aġnat iḷamnaġiksut. 2. at the location of that, closer to the listener than to the speaker, visible to the listener but not necessarily to the speaker, and not in motion taavrumani, dl. taapkuŋnaŋni, pl. taapkunani Let him stay in that place which is his. Taavrumani inimiñi inŋuraġli. 3. from that, closer to the listener than to the speaker, visible and not in motion taavrumakŋa, dl. taapkuŋnakŋa, pl. taapkunakŋa I got it from those people. Taapkunakŋa iñuŋniñ pitchaġa. 4. like, similar to that, closer to the listener than to the speaker, visible to the listener but not necessarily to the speaker, and not in motion taavrumatun, dl. taapkuŋnaktun, pl. taapkunatitun I want one like that. Taavrumatun piqaġruktuŋa. 5. to, for that one, closer to the listener than to the speaker, visible to the listener, but not necessarily to the speaker and not in motion taavrumuŋa, dl. taapkuŋnuŋa, pl. taapkunuŋa Give it to that one! Taavrumuŋa qairruŋ! 6. with or about that one, closer to the listener than to the speaker, visible to the listener but not necessarily to the speaker, and not in motion taavrumiŋa, dl. taapkuŋniŋa, pl. taapkuniŋa He is playing with those. Taapkuniŋa qitiktuaqtuq. 7. that is true, that is really it tarapiaq 8. that one; the one -of whom we spoke-; the one whose identity is clear but whose whereabouts is not specified imña, dl. ipchuak, pl. ipchua How is it pronounced now? Qanuq imña taiñaqpa ki? I thought I saw it somewhere. Nani imña qiñiġniñiġiga? Which one did he want now? Nalliak imña pisukkaŋa ki? Who wants to eat now? Kiña imña niġisukpa ki? What did you want [now]? Sua imña pisukkan? Where did the one [already mentioned] go? Napmuktiqpa imña? 9. A more specific term for the above definition is taimña, dl. taipchuak, pl. taipchua Where is the one you spoke of? Taimña uqautigikkan naami?

there : there itcha There is my mukluk. Itcha kamiga. 2. -that one- over there, away from the speaker and the listener, in a limited area, not in motion, visible iñña, dl. itchuak, pl. itchua Those over there are leaving. Itchua aullaaqsirut. 3. the one on the other side of a barrier, or in another building or structure, not visible amna, dl. apkuak, pl. apkua We will fetch that woman who is at the hospital. Amna aġnaq naŋirviŋmiittuaq aiñiaġikput.

thermometer : weather thermometer itrisriun, dl. itrisriutik, pl. itrisriutit The thermometer tells how cold it is. Itrisriun itritutilaaġutauruq. 2. body thermometer uunnaqłuksiun or uunnaġluksiun

these : see this

they : dl. plus tuk, pl. plus tut [used with verb stems with no strong I in semifinal position] dl. plus ruk, pl. plus rut [used with verb stems which end in a vowel] dl. plus suk, pl. plus sut [used with verb stems which contain a strong I in the last syllable and end in k or q] dl. plus chuk, pl. plus chut [used with verb stems which contain a strong I in the last syllable and end in a t] They have left. Aullaqtut. They are eating Niġirut. They have come. Aggiqsut. They have arrived. Tikitchut. 2. they dl. iliŋik, pl. iliŋich They left with the boat. Iliŋich ayaktut umiamik.

thick : to be thick -of consistency- kiniq- It is thick. Kiniqtuq. or Kiniġnigsuq. The soup is thick. Kiniġniqsuq imiġaurriugaq. 2. to be thick -of measurement- maptu- it is thick mapturuq, dl. mapturuk, pl. mapturut The cloth is thick. Nukiḷhaaq mapturuq.

thigh : [of human] quptuġaq, dl. quptuqqak, pl. quptuqqat The thigh is wider than the leg. Quptuġaq siḷitluktuq niumiñ.

thighbone : [of animal] kiniġniq, dl. kiniġnaak, pl. kiniġniġich The thighbone is broken. Kiniġniq naviktuq.

thimble : tikiq, dl. tikkik, pl. tikiġich A thimble is used for sewing. Tikiq atuġnaqtuq killaiyaqtuni.

thin : to be thin, watery -of consistency- piak- it is watery piaktuq, dl. piaktuk, pl. piaktut The gravy is thin, watery. Qayusraaq piaktuq. or Qayusraak piaktuq. 2. to be thin -of measurement- saat- it is thin saattuq, dl. saattuk, pl. saattut The paper is thin and tears easily. Saattuq kaliikkaq suli aliyaruq. 3. to be thin, skinny pannau- The caribou is skinny. Tuttu pannauruq. to become thin, dry paniq- He has gotten skinny. Panillaŋniqsuq.

thing : thing, wealth, possession suuraq, dl. suurak, pl. suurat The house has things. Tupiq suuraqaqtuq. 2. things washed ashore, driftwood tipraq, dl. tiprak, pl. tiprat Small pieces of wood are washed ashore along the river. Qiruurat tiprat tipiniġai kuugum siñaanun.

think : to think isruma-, isrumagi- she is thinking isrumaruq, dl. isrumaruk, pl. isrumarut He is thinking about what to teach for tomorrow. Isrumaruq qanuq iḷisautriḷiksraġmiñik uvlaakun. he is thinking of her isrumagigaa, dl. isrumagigaak, pl. isrumagigaat They thought of the person that they left behind. Isrumagigaat taimña iñuk unisaqtiŋ.

thirst : to be thirsty lit. to want to drink imiġuk- he is thirsty imiġuktuq, dl. imiġuktuk, pl. imiġuktut He is thirsty for cold water. Imiġuktuq nigliñaqtaamik imiġmik.

thirteen : qulit piñasrut Here are thirteen plates. Uvva qulit piñasrut puggutat.

thirty : iñuiñaq qulit Over there are thirty people. Iñña iñuiñaq qulit iñuich.

this, these : this one, near the speaker, visible; not covering a large area, and not in motion una, dl. ukuak, pl. ukua This one is hungry. Una niġisuktuq. 2. this one around here, near the speaker, visible, covering a large area, and not in motion manna, dl. makuak, pl. makua Pick these -around here- up! Makua pukukkich! 3. at the location of this, near the speaker, visible, not covering a large area, and not in motion uumani, dl. ukuŋnaŋni, pl. ukunani It is at the location of this. It is in/on this. Uumani ittuq. 4. from this, near the speaker, visible, not covering a large area, and not in motion uumakŋa, dl. ukuŋnakŋa, pl. ukunakŋa Take one from these. Ukunakŋa piksraġiñ. 5. like, similar to this, near the speaker, visible, not covering a large area and not in motion uumatun, dl. ukuŋnaktun, pl. ukunatun Make it like these. Iñiġuŋ ukunatun. 6. to, for this, near the speaker, visible, not covering a large area and not in motion uumuŋa, dl. ukuŋnuŋa, pl. ukunuŋa Give it to this one. Uumuŋa qairruŋ.

thorn : kakitḷaŋnaq, dl. kakitḷaŋnak, pl. kakitḷaŋnat or kakitḷaġnaq, dl. kakitḷaġnak, pl. kakitḷaġnat The thorn is sharp. Kakitḷaŋnaq ipiktuq.

those : see that

thread : commercial thread ivaluksraq, dl. ivaluksraak, pl. ivaluksrat Thread is used for sewing cloth. Ivaluksraq killaiyautauruq nukiḷhaamun. 2. sinew thread ivalupiaq

three : piñasrut My three children are at school. Qitunġatka piñasrut aglaktut. 2. three days ago ippaksraaqqamiq or ikpaksraaqqammiq It rained three days ago. Ippaksraaqqamiq siḷaluktuq.

throat : -pharnynx- iggiaq, dl. iggiak, pl. iggiat My throat is red. Iggiaġa kaviqsuq. 2. she is clearing her throat iggiaġiksaaqtuq, dl. iggiaġiksaaqtuk, pl. iggiaġiksaaqtut He cleared his throat before he sang. Iggiaġiksaaqtuq atuġaluaqani. 3. to have a sore throat iggianŋu-, iggiaġiit- he has a bad sore throat iggiaġiitchuq, dl. iggiaġiitchuk, pl. iggiaġiitchut She has a sore throat today. Iggiaġiitchuq uvluvak. He has a sore throat. Iggianŋuruq.

throb : to throb tigliqtaq- it is throbbing -as of the heart or the pulse- tigliqtaqtuq Her veins are throbbing. Taqaŋi tigliqtaqtut.

through : -una through or along down there, not visible samuuna A fish is moving under the water. Samuuna imġum ataagun qaluk igliqtuq. 2. through or along there, in or along the ocean, visible and covers a large area unuuna We will travel on the ice. Unuuna sikukun igliġisirugut. 3. through right here, by way of here uvuuna Go out through here. Anniiñ uvuuna. 4. through around here mauna There is a trail through here. Mauna samma tumiqaqtuq.

throw : to throw something or someone away, to discard, to leave someone or something [no longer caring] igitchi- he is throwing -something or things- away igitchiruq, dl. igitchiruk, pl. igitchirut He threw away the trash. Igitchiruq iktaksranik. 2. to throw, to discard, to leave [no longer caring] igit- she throws it away, discards it igitkaa, dl. igitkaak, pl. igitkaat He threw it away when it became empty. Igitkaa imaiqman. 3. to throw -the immediate action- miḷuqsaq- he threw something miḷuqsaqtuq, dl. miḷuqsaqtuk, pl. miḷuqsaqtut he threw at it miḷuqsaġaa, dl. [obj.] miḷuqsaġik, pl. [obj.] miḷuqsaġai He threw it. Miḷuqsautigigaa. 4. to hit, to throw repeatedly miḷḷuuq- he is throwing things repeatedly miḷḷuuqtuq, dl. miḷḷuuqtuk, pl. miḷḷuuqtut He is throwing rocks. Iyaġaŋnik miḷḷuuqtuq.

thrush : gray-cheeked thrush piiġaq, dl. piiġak, pl. piiġat This thrush has gray cheeks. Piiġaq iqsraġutiqaqtuq qirġiaqtaaŋnik. 2. varied thrush siŋutluluuq, dl. siŋutluluuk, pl. siŋutluluut The varied thrush is a bird. Siŋutluluuq una tiŋmiurauruq.

thumb : kuvlu, dl. kuvluk, pl. kuvlut He has accidently cut himself on his thumb. Kuvlumigun kiḷiqsiġniqsuq.

thunder : kalluk The thunder is noisy when it’s close. Kalluk nipituruq qanitnami.

thus : thus, like this, this way itna This is the way to tie it. Itna qiḷiġñaqtuq. 2. that way taatna

tibia : kanagaq, dl. kanakkak, pl. kanakkat He broke his tibia when he fell. Kanaqani piiyaqtiġniġaa katakami.

tickle : to tickle qaallak- he is experiencing the sensation of being tickled qaallaktuq, dl. qaallaktuk, pl. qaallaktut The big man is being tickled. Qaallaktuq iñukpak. 2. to be ticklish qaallaktu-, qaallaya- she is ticklish qaallakturuq, dl. qaallakturuk, pl. qaallakturut or qaallayaruq, dl. qaallayaruk, pl. qaallayarut The child is ticklish. Qaallakturuq iyaalugruaq. 3. to tickle another qaallaksaaq- he is tickling her qaallaksaaġaa, dl. qaallaksaaġaak, pl. qaallaksaaġaat They tickled her till she couldn’t laugh anymore. Qaallaksaaġaat iglatlaiqsilġataqługu.

tie : to tie boot or mukluk straps or shoelaces siŋiq- he is tying his to tie mukluk straps or shoe laces siŋiqsuq, dl. siŋiqsuk, pl. siŋiqsut The girl is tying her own mukluk straps. Aġnauraq siŋiqsuq. she is tying his boot straps or shoelaces -of footwear- siŋiġaa The woman tied my mukluk straps. Aġnam siŋiġik kammaka. 2. to tie up as of a dog or something to a rope pituk- He tied it to something. Pitukkaa. He tied the boat’s rope to its pole. Pitukkaa umiayauraq pitugvianun. 3. to be tied pituksima- It is tied. Pituksimaruq. The dog is tied, chained. Qipmiq pituksimaruq. Tie the dog! Pituguŋ qipmiq! 4. to tie a knot qiliq- He tied it. Qiḷiġaa. He tied it without much trouble or he tied a small knot. Qiḷiḷḷakkaa. 5. to tie something down, to tie in knots, to bind qiḷiqsruq- He tied the box, he bound the box. Qiḷiqsruġaa suluun.

time : the time to, for -naqsi, -ñaqsi- after strong I [v-v] It is time to eat. Niġiñagsiruq. It is time for you to speak. Uqaġnaqsirutin. 2. to overstay on a trip, to be gone too long mulu- he is overstaying muluruq, dl. muluruk, pl. mulurut He stayed a long time when he went caribou hunting. Tuttuliaqtuaq muluruq. 3. What time is it? Sassaq qanuq iḷiva? Tuqtuqtaq sumun iḷiva?

tingle : to tingle ikiaqsaalaaq- his body is tingling because of emotional stimulus ikiaqsaalaaqtuq, dl. ikiaqsaalaaqtuk, pl. ikiaqsaalaaqtut His body tingled because he became so pleasantly surprised. Ikiaqsaalaaqtuq quviġutchaktiqpagitḷuni.

tiny : to be tiny, to be few uuttukuuŋu- it is tiny uuttukuuŋuruq, dl. uuttukuuŋuruk, pl. uuttukuuŋurut The shrew is tinier than all of the animals. Ugruŋnaq uuttukuuŋutluktuq aŋŋugaurapayaaniñ. How tiny! Uuttukuu!

tired : to become tired iñiqtuq- she is tired iñiqtuqtuq, dl. iñiqtuqtuk, pl. iñiqtuqtut He is tired after a long walk. Iñiqtuqtuq pisruvaałłaqqaaqhuni. He is still tired. Iñiqtuummiruq. 2. to become tired, weary, fatigued minġuq- he is tired minġuqtuq, dl. minġuqtuk, pl. minġuqtut She became tired after working. Savaqqaaqhuni minġuqtuq. 3. to be one who does not tire easily naŋiit- she does not tire easily naŋiitchuq, dl. naŋiitchuk, pl. naŋiitchut My father does not tire easily when he walks long distances. Taataga naŋiitchuq pisrukami uŋasriksaamun.

today : uvluvak We are happy today. Quviasruktugut uvluvak.

toe : big toe putuguq, dl. putukkuk, pl. putukkut The big toe is part of the foot. Putuguq isigaŋni ittuq. 2. little toe, digit of foot [not big toe] iñugauraq, dl. iñugaurak, pl. iñugaurat A person has eight smaller toes. Iñuk tallimat piñasrunik iñugauraqaqtuq. 3. joints of toes isigaich napyaaŋich Toes have many joints. Isigaich napyaaŋich iñugiaktut.

together : atunim We are going together. Atunim aullaqtugut. 2. to do together, to do as a team, as partners piqatigiik- they -2- are together piqatiqiiksuk The two women are seining together. Aġnak piqatigiiksuk qaaktuqtuak. 3. to bring together katit- he brings them together dl. [obj.] katitkik, pl. [obj.] katitkai He is putting two things together. Katitkik. they have come together dl. katiruk, pl. katirut The people have gathered together. Katirut iñuich. 4. to be with, to be a part of iqatau- he is together with, being with someone iqatauruq, dl. iqatauruk, pl. iqataurut She is with her relatives. Iqatauruq iḷamiñi. 5. to do together, to all do at the same time atautchikun Let us leave together. Atautchikun aullaqta.

toilet : toilet, outhouse anaġvik, dl. anaġviik, pl. anaġviich There is a toilet in the house. Anaġviqaqtuq samma tupiġmi.

toilet paper : iquutiksraq, dl. iquutiksraak, pl. iquutiksrat Toilet paper is soft. Iquutiksraq niġummaġiksuq.

tomcod : uugaq, dl. uukkak, pl. uukkat The tomcod is a fish from the sea. Uugaq taġium qalugigaa.

tomorrow : -lit. by way of morning- uvlaakun Tomorrow we will finish our work. Uvlaakun itqanaiġisigivut savaavut.

tongue : uqaq, dl. uqqak, pl. uqqat Caribou tongue is delicious. Tuttum uqaŋa kayumiktuq.

tonight : tonight, this evening anaqavak He is coming tonight. Anaqavak aggiġñiaqtuq. 2. tonight, all during the night unnuavak I will sleep well tonight. Siñiigluataġisiruŋa unnuavak.

tool : savalġun, dl. savalġutik, pl. savalġutit The tool is under the box. Savalġun suluutim ataani ittuq.

tool box : savalġutiqaġvik, dl. savalġutiqaġviik, pl. savalġutiqaġviich The tool box is full of tools. Savalġutiqaġvik immaukkaqtuq savalġutinik.

tooth : kigun, dl. kigutik, pl. kigutit Teeth need good care. Qaunagimmaaġigaksraurut kigutit. 2. to lose one’s tooth or teeth, to extract tooth kigutaiq- She has had a tooth pulled [extracted] Kigutaiqsittuq atautchimik. 3. to have a toothache kigutinŋu- she has a toothache kigutinŋuruq, dl. kigutinŋuruk, pl. kigutinŋurut She had a toothache for two days. Kigutinŋuruq malġuŋni uvluŋni. 4. to brush teeth kigusriqi- I am brushing my teeth. Kigusriqiruŋa uvva pakma.

toothbrush : kigusriqutit The toothbrush is for brushing teeth. Kigusriqutit salummautaurut kigutinun.

toothpick : kukkiḷiñ, dl. kukkiḷisik, pl. kukkiḷisit Where are the toothpicks? Naami taipchua kukkiḷisit?

topple : to topple, to fall over ulġu- it is toppling, it is falling over ulġuruq, dl. ulġuruk, pl. ulġurut The tree has fallen down. Napaaqtuq ulġuruq.

topside : qaa its topside, dorsal area, its cover, its surface qaaŋa The top of the sod house has been covered with snow. Sauligauram qaaŋa apillaŋniqsuq.

touch : to land [not from flying] to touch bottom, to reach a hard surface tut- it has touched ground, bottom, lands tuttuq, dl. tuttuk, pl. tuttut The child landed on her head. Iyaalugruaq tuttuq niaquġmiñiñ. 2. to touch, to feel aksik- she touched him aksikkaa, dl. aksikkaak, pl. aksikkaat She touched him gently. Iłuamik aksiḷḷakkaa.

tow : to tow kalit- he is towing it kalitkaa, dl. kalitkaak, pl. kalitkaat The man is towing the boat. Aŋutim kalitkaa umiaq.

toward : towards back there, distant pavuŋa Go back there to the tundra. Pavuŋa nunaviŋmun kilvaġiñ. 2. towards down there, downstairs samuŋa, tasramuŋa I’m going downstairs. Samuŋa atqaġniaqtuŋa. 3. towards over there, in another house or structure, usually not visible amuŋa He went over to the school. Amuŋa aglagviŋmun aullaqtuq. 4. towards over there, a large area, visible avuŋa The man went over there. Aŋun avuŋa aullaqtuq.

towel : ivgun see paper

toy : inattuaq, iŋattuaq or iŋŋuaq He is playing with toys. Inattualiqiruq; Iŋattualiqiruq or Iŋŋualiqiruq.

track : -trail- tumi, dl. tumik, pl. tumit The trail going up and down the hill is smooth. Tumi mayuġiami qaiqsuq. The animal’s tracks can be seen. Aŋŋutim tumiŋi tautuŋnaqtut.

track : to track an animal, to find tracks tuvsi- or tupsi- he has found an animal track tupsiyaa, dl. tupsiyaak, pl. tupsiyaat He has found the wolf tracks. Amaġuq tupsiyaa. 2. to follow tracks; to copy tuvraq- she is tracking tuvraqtuq, dl. tuvraqtuk, pl. tuvraqtut he is tracking it, he is copying her tuvraġaa, dl. [obj.] tuvraġik, pl. [obj.] tuvraġai A man is following the wolverine’s track. Aŋun tuvraqtuq tumiañik qapvium. or Aŋutim tuvraġai qapvium tumai.

trail : trail, path apqun, dl. apqutik, pl. apqutit There is his trail. Tamarra apqutaa. 2. trail tumitchiaq, dl. tumitchiak, pl. tumitchiat Follow the trail. Malguraġlugich tumitchiat. [A long trail is spoken of in plural form because it consists of many trails]

translate : to translate something mumiksi-, mumik- he is translating mumiksiruq, dl. mumiksiruk, pl. mumiksirut She has translated it. Mumikkaa. He is translating the books. Mumikkai makpiġaat. 2. to translate, to interpret uuyuuq- he is interpreting for another uuyuuġaa, dl. [obj.] uuyuuġik, pl. [obj.] uuyuuġai She is interpreting her speech. Uuyuuġaa uqagman. 3. a translator mumiksiri 4. an interpreter uuyuuqti

trap : naniġiaq, dl. naniġiak, pl. naniġiat My father is using a trap. Naniġiaq taataa atuġaa. 2. to be trapped naniq- it is trapped naniqtuq, dl. naniqtuk, pl. naniqtut The wolf is caught in a trap. Amaġuq naniqtuq naniġiamun. 3. to trap naniġiaqtuq- he is trapping naniġiaqtuqtuq, dl. naniġiaqtuqtuk, pl. naniġiaqtuqtut My father is trapping for foxes. Taataga naniġiaqtuqtuq kayuqtunun. 4. trap entrance maunaq The fox went into the trap entrance. Kayuqtuq isiqtuq maunamun.

travel : to travel, to move, to run [of an engine] igliq- he is traveling, moving igliqtuq, dl. igliqtuk, pl. igliqtut He is traveling toward the south. Igliqtuq tuŋaanun uŋallam. 2. to travel by boat umiaqtuq- He traveled by boat on the river. Umiaqtuqtuq kuuŋmi. 3. to travel by dog team uniaġaq- The man is traveling with dogs and a sled. Aŋun uniaġaqtuq qipmiñik. 4. to journey downriver by boat ataaq- she is traveling downriver by boat ataaqtuq, dl. ataaqtuk, pl. ataaqtut The boat is going down river. Umiaq ataaqtuq unuŋatmun. 5. People who have traveled, journeyed [a long distance] downriver by boat atarraat 6. to travel -quite a distance- upriver by boat tagraq- he has traveled -quite a distance- upriver by boat tagraqtuq, dl. tagraqtuk, pl. tagraqtut During spring after break-up, one can travel upriver by boat. Upinġaami sikuiqman tagraġnaqtuq. 7. to go towards downriver uqquġmuk- The man going downriver. Aŋun uqquġmuktuq. 8. to go towards upriver argumuk- it is traveling up-river argumuktuq, dl. argumuktuk, pl. argumuktut The barge is heading up the river. Umiaqpak argumuktuq. 9. to travel straight out from the shore avallak- it is heading straight out from shore avallaktuq, dl. avallaktuk, pl. avallaktut The boat is heading straight out from the bank of the river. Umiaq avallaktuq kuugum siñaaniñ.

traveler : traveler, stranger, visitor iglaaq, dl. iglaak, pl. iglaat The traveler had become cold. Iglaaq qiqillaŋniġaa.

tree : cottonwood tree ninŋuq, dl. ninŋuk, pl. ninŋut When you use a piece of cottonwood for smoke, it lasts for a long time. Ninŋuq puyuġiruni nuŋutchiġiitchuq. 2. birch tree urgiiḷiq, dl. urgiiḷik, pl. urgiiḷich The birch tree can be used to make snowshoes or a sled. Urgiiḷiq tagluuraqtuq suli qiḷġiuraqtuq. 3. spruce tree, [any tree of the pine family] fir tree napaaqtuq, dl. napaaqtuk, pl. napaaqtut The spruce tree is green in winter and in summer. Napaaqtuq suŋaaqtuq ukiumiḷu, auraġmiḷu. 4. young tree growing from old root naunġaq, dl. naunġak, pl. naunġat The young tree grows from an old root. Naunġaq nauraqtuq kaŋiġruaġmiñ. 5. tree stump mumiġnaq, dl. mumiġnak, pl. mumiġnat A tree stump makes good floats. Mumiġnaq puptautaġiksuq. 6. an irregular hard section in tree rings, also vertebra ikkiq, dl. ikkiik, pl. ikkiich The hard tree ring bends. Ikkiq piġitchuuruq.

trial : to go on trial uqaqsitaaq- When a person does wrong, he goes on trial. Uqaqsitaaġuuruq iñuk savvaġlukami.

tributary : kuuġuq, dl. kuuqquk, pl. kuuqqut There are many tributaries in Alaska. Kuuqqut iñugiaktut Alaska-mi.

trouble : to be troubled iłuiḷḷiuq- he is troubled, has a bad conscience iłuiḷḷiuqtuq, dl. iłuiḷḷiuqtuk, pl. iłuiḷḷiuqtut She was troubled when her daughter got lost. Iłuiḷḷiuqtuq panni tammaqman.

trout : trout, lake trout, arctic char qalukpik, dl. qalukpiik, pl. qalukpiich People catch many trout in Kivalina. Iñuich qalukpigaqtut Kivalliñiġmi.

true : to be true iḷumutuu- it is true iḷumutuuruq, dl. iḷumutuuruk, pl. iḷumutuurut What he said is true. Taamna uqautigikkaŋa iḷumutuuruq. 2. truthfully, truth iḷumutun He is speaking the truth. or He speaks truthfully. Iḷumutun uqaqtuq. 3. the truth, that which is true iḷumutuuruaq

trustworthy : to be trustworthy uqautisruġnaq- He is trustworthy. Uqautisruġnaqtuq.

tug : tug of a sled qitiġaġun, dl. qitiġaġutik, pl. qitiġaġutit The tug is used on a sled. Qitiġaġun atuqtuq qiḷġiñi.

tundra : flat tundra natiġnaq, dl. natiġnak, pl. natiġnat There are many plants on the flat tundra. Nauriat iñugiaktut natiġnami. 2. undulating tundra nunavik, dl. nunaviik, pl. nunaviich The tundra has lots of berries. Nunavik asriaŋuruq.

tundra cotton : nautnaq, dl. nautnak, pl. nautnat Tundra cotton grows on the tundra. Nautnat nausruurut natiġnami.

turn : to turn head kiŋiaq- she turned her head kiŋiaqtuq, dl. kiŋiaqtuk, pl. kiŋiaqtut He turned his head when he heard something behind. Kiŋiaqtuq tusraa’ami tunumiñiñ. 2. to turn the head to look qiviaq- He turned his head to look. Qiviaqtuq. She turned her head briefly and quickly. Qiviallaktiqtuq. 3. to turn one’s back on a person, to turn around to face the other direction tunut- she has turned around tunuttuq, dl. tunuttuk, pl. tunuttut They turned to face the other direction when told to do so. Tunuttut tunutqukmatiŋ. he has turned his back on him tunutkaa, dl. tunutkaak, pl. tunutkaat He has turned his back on his wife. Aġnaqtiŋ tunutkaa. 4. to turn off, extinguish a light, fire qamit- he has turned it off, extinguished it qamitkaa, dl. qamitkaak, pl. qamitkaat He has extinguished the fire. Qamitkaa iki. 5. to become extinguished qami- It has extinguished itself or it has been extinguished. Qamiruq. The fire is out. Ikniq qamiruq. 6. to turn over, to flip, to change mumik- she has turned over, changed, repented mumiksuq, dl. mumiksuk, pl. mumiksut He turned over in his sleep. Siñiktuaq mumiksuq.

tussock : maniq, dl. mannak, pl. manġich There is a tussock on the tundra. Maniq nunaviŋmi ittuq.

twelve : qulit malġuk I bought twelve cups. Tauqsiġitka qulit malġuk qallutit.

twenty : iñuiñaq Where are the twenty boxes? Iñuiñaq suluutit naniitpat?

twilight : tanuġak [for there to be twilight] Tanuġaksiruq.

twist : to twist qipit- He is twisting the knob. Qipitkaa tiguġiq. 2. to twist sinew for thread qipri- she is twisting sinew for thread qipriruq My mother is twisting sinew to use for sewing. Aanaga qipriruq ivalumik killaiyautiksraġmiñik. 3. to be twisted qipiŋa- it is twisted qipŋaruq, dl. qipiŋaruk, pl. qipiŋarut The tree is twisted. Qipiŋaruq napaaqtuq.

two : malġuk Two people are walking. Malġuk iññuk pisruktuk.

typewriter : aglautitaun, dl. aglautitautik, pl. aglautitautit The typewriter is used to type letters. Aglautitaun atuġnaqtuq tuyuksriuqtuni. 2. aglaksuutitaun, dl. aglaksuutitautik, pl. aglaksuutitautit Where is my typewriter. Aglaksuutitautitka naami?

typist : aglakti, dl. aglaktik, pl. aglaktit The typist is writing a letter. Aglakti tuyuksriuqtuq. 2. typist aglaksuutitaqti

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