Moss:
| Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
|
moss
|
nen'
|
naan'1
|
435
|
This noun is not present in most of Koyukon outside of the Upper dialect. Tl'otl is more common for moss.
|
|
|
moss
|
tl'otl
|
tl'otl1
|
611
|
Generic term
|
|
|
diaper, toilet material, Pampers, breech cloth for infants
|
k'etl'odle'
|
tl'otl1
|
611
|
"Perhaps the term would have applied first to the species of white moss used for this purpose…" Jetté
|
Jones - "In the past, moss was used as diaper material in cradles."
|
|
any aquatic or floating moss
|
dlot
|
dlot1
|
156
|
See entry under algae
|
|
Sphagnum sp.
|
a red moss
|
nen' tseege'
|
tseek
|
625
|
Lit. 'red ground'
|
Nelson - Used for log cabin chinking and insulation in cabin roofs.
|
Sphagnum sp.
|
|
|
naan'1
|
435
|
Lit. 'red moss'
|
|
Sphagnum sp.
|
|
tl'otl kk'es
|
tl'otl1
|
611
|
|
|
|
a white moss, used as a wick
|
semtl ggʉyh
|
ggʉyh2
|
225
|
Lit. 'gray moss'
|
Sullivan - Explains use as a wick in the "stone dish" lamp called lo'on tlok.
|
|
|
|
metl::semetl
|
99
|
Lit. 'gray moss'
|
Jetté - "Formerly used as a wick for the native lamp, which consisted of a small recipient filled with oil: the dried white moss was placed on edge, and when soaked with oil, was lighted. It gave a rather smoky and ill-fummed flame, but sufficient for ordinary purpose, such as cooking, etc."
|
Lycopodium sp.
|
club moss
|
deeltsaa' tlee'ole'
|
tsaa'1
|
617
|
Lit. 'mouse's pillow'
|
Jetté - "A creeping cryptogamous plant, resembling a spruce bough, growing on the ground, having a long sarmentose stem, along which small branches shoot upwards, and terminate in a club-like cluster of reproductive organs."
|
Lycopodium sp.
|
|
ggʉh tlaatleele'
|
ggʉh1
|
223
|
Lit. 'rabbit's axe'; 'baby tooth'
Club moss, the rabbit's axe, from a fancied resemblance of the spiked stem to an axe. --Jetté
|
Story on pg. 223 referring to baby's first front tooth.
|
|
cones of a club moss
|
k'ekoodle' tlee'oł
|
oł1
|
64
|
Lit. 'feather pillow'
|
|
|
dry lake moss
|
taahnaane'
|
naan'1
|
435
|
|
Jones - "Lake moss from dry lakes was used for insulation on roofs and as chinking material for log cabins."
|
|
lake moss
|
taahtl'odle'
|
tl'otl1
|
611
|
Lit. 'underwater moss'
|
Jones - "Lake moss is used for roof insulation. It is collected by cutting patches of it on a dry lake and rolling the patches up."
|
|
moss hummock
|
naaseneł
|
neł1::seneł
|
466
|
|
|
|
a water moss
|
taah nelʉgh
|
lʉgh2
|
426
|
Lit. 'underwater'
|
|
|
|
tl'otltseł
|
tl'otl1
|
611
|
Lit. 'moist moss'
|
Moss used as diaper material
|
|
thick growth of reddish-brown moss on lakes
|
dee'aadle
|
aatl1
|
28
|
|
|
Sphagnum sp.
Lycopodium sp.
|
|
Nagoonberry:
| Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Rubus arcticus
|
nagoonberry
|
noghʉy tl'aakk
|
tl'aakk1
|
589
|
Lit. 'frog + Ω' (unclear term)
"Its relation to the frog is not apparent, but neither is there any clear connection in the case of dets' en tl'aakk, raspberry." --Jetté
|
Nelson - "Highly esteemed...is eaten raw when found."
|
Rubus arcticus
|
strawberry
|
kkotl
|
kkotl2
|
340
|
Riddle on pg. 340 refers to a cache leaning sideways
|
|
Rubus arcticus
|
|
Nettle:
| Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Urtica gracilis
(Urtica dioica)
|
stinging nettle
|
hʉłts'eege
|
ts'eek1
|
654
|
Lit. 'that which stings us'
|
Jetté - "The Ten'a know how to prepare its fibres and used them to make twine for their nets, before the introduction of machine-made twine."
|
|
|
denaa'aandelt'ege
|
|
|
|
|
Urtica gracilis
|
|
k'aadelgudgze
|
guts2
|
196
|
Lit. 'that which repeatedly bites'
|
|
|
|
k'etsaan' kk'oge'
|
kk'ok2
|
363
|
See reference to translation and comparison under Grass.
|
|
Urtica dioica gracilis
|
|
Potentilla:
| Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Potentilla sp.
|
cinquefoil
|
nokk ggaadle'
|
nokk
|
489
|
Lit. 'Mineral lick root'
|
|
|
|
Raspberry:
| Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Rubus idaeus
|
|
dets'en tl'aakk
|
tl'aakk1
|
589
|
Lit. 'goose + Ω' (unclear term)
|
|
Rubus idaeus
|
|
|
ts'en3
|
664
|
|
|
Rubus idaeus
|
|
neełdeggey
|
dekk1
|
129
|
|
|
Rubus idaeus
|
|
Rhubarb:
| Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
| Polygonum alpinum
|
wild rhubarb
|
ggooł
|
ggootl2
|
217
|
Nelson identifies this with Rumex arcticus
|
Sullivan - "The leafstalks and stems, when young and tender, are eaten by the natives, either raw, or fried in grease, or boiled as greens."
|
|
dried stem of wild rhubarb
|
ggooł tsets
|
ggootl2
|
217
|
|
|
|
|
|
tsets2
|
636
|
|
|
Polygonum alpinum
|
|
Rose:
| Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
| Rosa acicularis
|
wild rose
|
hus dekene', hus
|
hus
|
265
|
|
|
|
|
kooyh
|
kooyh
|
305
|
|
|
|
rose blossom
|
kooyh kone'
|
kooyh
|
305
|
|
|
|
rose hip
|
kooyh loyde
|
kooyh
|
305
|
|
Nelson - Eaten raw
Source of vitamin C
|
|
|
hus loyde
|
hus
|
265
|
|
|
|
seeds of the rose hip
|
kooyh yee deneege'
|
kooyh
|
305
|
|
|
| Dasiphora floribunda
|
tundra rose, shrubby cinquefoil
|
kk'uy' tloye'
|
tloy
|
584
|
|
|
Rosa acicularis
Dasiphora floribunda
|
|
Salmonberry:
| Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
| Rubus spectabilis
|
cloudberry
|
kkotl
|
kkotl2
|
340
|
|
|
Rubus spectabilis
|
|
Spruce:
| Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Picea glauca
or
Picea mariana
|
spruce tree or forest
|
ts'ebaa
|
baa4::ts'ebaa
|
77
|
Nelson gives ts'ibaa as the name for Picea glauca and ts'ibaa t'aal as Picea mariana. He also notes specific words used for spruce that is dry, half-dry or green.
|
Sullivan - Spruce is used green as end pieces of canoe frame.
In The Ten'a Food Quest there is an extensive description of spruce used along with willow in the construction of basket traps for fishing.
Used in making the "hi'o" pole for the traditional stick dance to honor the dead.
Nelson - The Koyukon origin story for spruce tells about a woman who heard a tale that was so sad and terrible that she began to cry and pinch her skin. She was transformed into a spruce tree and her bark remained pinched and rough.
Nelson - White spruce is the principle source for firewood and building materials for a variety of items such as houses, boats, canoes, caches, tent frames, etc.
|
|
golden-colored spruce tree
|
udle deneł
|
utl1
|
70
|
|
|
Picea glauca
|
a variety of white spruce with golden needles
|
eł doyonh
|
eł3
|
35
|
|
|
|
dried spruce branch
|
k'etloo' ggunh
|
tloo
|
584
|
|
Nelson - Used as a toggle to attach to traps
|
|
fresh spruce gum, pitch
|
dzaah tl'eyh
|
dzaakk2
|
161
|
|
Sullivan - Used for boat repair
Nelson - Clear sap is used to disinfect sore.
Hard yellowish pitch is used as chewing gum.
Can be mixed with fat to make a varnish.
"..formerly burned in shamanistic curing session, yielding spiritual power from the spruce."
|
|
|
|
tl'eyh
|
605
|
|
|
|
hardwood of spruce or birch
|
ggʉyh
|
ggʉyh1
|
224
|
|
Nelson - Used in making woven traps to harvest otter
Used for making scow sleds (esp. Bettles area) and "gee poles."
On pages 142-144 of Tracks in the Wildland, Nelson gives a description of using spruce wood to make a blackfish trap.
|
|
red-colored, decayed spruce wood
|
ch'etodeetluh
|
tluh2
|
587
|
|
|
|
spongy, rotten spruce
|
nodooye tsone'
|
dooy2
|
152
|
|
Nelson - Combined with rotten "little tree" willow and is used to smoke hides. Combined in a ratio that is slightly more willow than spruce; use about a "medium-sized packsack" full to smoke two hides.
|
|
spruce bough
|
eł tloo'
|
tloo
|
584
|
|
Sullivan - Used as bedding material for sled dogs and covering tent floors in camp
Used as roofing material in summer shelters
|
|
spruce root
|
hʉyh
|
hʉyh2
|
277
|
|
Sullivan - Used as thread in sewing birch bark canoes and baskets
Nelson - Also notes that large, woody roots called k'aggaadla' are carved into spoons and bowls
|
|
spruce bark
|
|
|
|
Described from Nelson as k'ilot'oodza'
|
Nelson - "The bark is peeled from green trees to make camp floors, roofs, and tops for fish cutting tables."
Clark - Describes the construction of a traditional spruce bark house in "Koyukuk River Culture"
|
|
spruce cone
|
dekeldegheyhtl
|
gheyhtl::degheyhtl
|
247
|
|
Clark - "...if food supplies were low...the 'nuts' from the spruce cones were used as food supplements."
|
|
|
delojodzee
|
jots
|
194
|
|
|
|
spruce needle
|
eł begge'
|
eł3
|
35
|
|
Jetté - Needles are used to make a tea for use in a blood-letting ceremony.
Nelson - "The needles are boiled and the resulting infusion is drunk to cure kidney problems or to obtain spirit power from the spruce. This may also be applied to heal dry skin or sores."
|
|
|
eł tlenok'oodle'
|
k'ootl3
|
318
|
|
|
|
top of spruce tree
|
ts'ebaa loyet
|
baa4::ts'ebaa
|
77
|
|
Nelson - "The tops are cut from small trees and carried for spiritual protection in certain places."
Previously used in shamanistic practices to treat a sick individual.
|
Picea glauca
Picea glauca - cones
Picea mariana
|
|
