Celery:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Angelica sp.
|
wild celery
|
|
|
|
Unidentified in Koyukon language, but use of Angelica lucida as a source of food is noted in the Lower Yukon by Heller
|
Zagoskin - in a journal entry dated June 16, 1843, he describes collecting an edible plant near Nulato that he identifies as Angelica sylvestris.
|
![Angelica sylvestris Angelica sylvestris](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Angelica_sylvestris.jpg) Angelica sylvestris
|
|
Cloudberry:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Rubus chamaemorus
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
![Rubus chamaemorus Rubus chamaemorus](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Rubus_chamaemorus.jpg) Rubus chamaemorus |
|
Chives:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Allium schoenoprasum
|
wild chives
|
|
|
|
Described by Nelson but he did not give a Koyukon name for the plant
|
Nelson - Eaten raw alone or mixed with fish
|
![Allium schoenoprasum Allium schoenoprasum](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Allium_schoenoprasum.jpg) Allium schoenoprasum
|
|
Crowberry:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koykon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Empetrum nigrum
|
|
deenaałt' aas
|
|
|
Described from Nelson not in KAD
|
Nelson - "Eaten when it is found in mountain areas, the crowberry is said to be helpful in relieving thirst."
|
![é é](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Empetrum-nigrum.JPG) Empetrum nigrum
|
|
Wintergreen:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Pyrola sp.
|
pyrola
|
tso' dzeghe ts'eeł' aanee
|
tso'
|
640
|
Lit. 'that which we use as a beaver's ear'
|
|
![Pyrola grandiflora Pyrola grandiflora](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Pyrola_grandiflora.jpg) Pyrola grandiflora |
|
Willow:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Salix sp.
|
|
kk'ʉy
|
kk'ʉy'
|
372
|
|
Sullivan - Many descriptions of willows being cut and used as ground cover during fish and game processing
Nelson - Willow poles are used for setting gill nets under the ice.
Used to build a variety of items such as fish racks, basket rims, fish traps, etc.
Zagoskin - reports a long jumping contest played along the Koyukuk in 1843 that involved ten pieces of willow placed six feet apart and gradually moved farther apart to determine a winner.
|
|
a large willow, tree size
|
kk'ʉy gede'
|
kk'ʉy'
|
372
|
|
|
|
a medium sized willow, a reddish mid-sized willow
|
belaazon kk'ʉye'
|
zon1
|
741
|
Lit. 'otter's willow'
|
Jones - Used to make snare fences
|
|
a rotten willow
|
ts'ell'ʉyh t;'oodle'
|
tl'otl2
|
611
|
|
|
Salix arbusculoides
|
a tree willow
|
kk'ʉyloo
|
łoo
|
418
|
"Littletree willow" - Nelson
|
Nelson - Combined with rotten spruce and used to smoke hides. Description of process on pages 165 - 166 of Tracks in the Wildland.
Young leaves are eaten.
Small shoots and stems are peeled and scraped to obtain sweet, edible sap.
|
|
|
catkin of the willow
|
kk'olodeeto'
|
kk'ʉy'
|
373
|
|
|
|
|
|
to'2
|
518
|
|
|
|
dry willows
|
oghe
|
o2
|
40
|
|
|
|
inner bark of willow
|
ch'etlotone'
|
tp2
|
517
|
|
Clark - Made into twine and woven to make nets for fishing. These nets must be kept wet at all times to prevent cracking.
|
|
|
k'aalt'oodze'
|
t'oots
|
557
|
|
Sullivan - Mouths of fish are tied with willow bark before being roasted whole.
Nelson - In Tracks in the Wildland he describes the use of willow bark in the ceremony held when the first king salmon of the season is caught. "If women wanted to participate in the ceremony, they had to wear cords of twisted willow bark around their necks and wrists."
|
|
fresh willow sprouts in spring
|
kk'olgeets
|
geets
|
185
|
|
|
|
pussy willow catkin
|
kk'ololeege'
|
kk'ʉy'
|
373
|
|
|
|
reddish willow in mountains
|
kk'uyh tseek
|
kk'ʉy'
|
372
|
|
|
|
small, red-barked willow
|
bet'on' deets'aaggeye
|
ts'aakk
|
652
|
|
|
|
species of mid-sized willow
|
bezeye kk'ʉye'
|
kk'ʉy'
|
372
|
|
|
|
willow catkin
|
kk'ʉy dleyh deloyule'
|
yul
|
720
|
|
|
|
willow with red bark
|
kk'ʉykk'eze
|
kk'ʉy'
|
372
|
|
|
Salix bebbiana
|
Bebb willow, diamond willow
|
kk'ʉy dliyh
|
|
|
Description from Nelson not found in KAD
|
Nelson - Used for decorative woodwork
|
Salix planifolia
|
diamondleaf willow
|
kk'uy dlits'eela
|
|
|
Description from Nelson not found in KAD
|
|
![Salix pulchra Salix pulchra](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Salix-pulchra.jpg) Salix pulchra
![Salix catkins Salix catkins](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Salix-catkins.JPG) Salix sp. catkins
|
|
Spruce:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Picea glauca or Picea mariana
|
spruce tree or forest
|
ts'ebaa
|
baa4::ts'ebaa
|
77
|
Nelson gives ts'ibaa as the name for Picea glauca and ts'ibaa t'aal as Picea mariana. He also notes specific words used for spruce that is dry, half-dry or green.
|
Sullivan - Spruce is used green as end pieces of canoe frame.
In The Ten'a Food Quest there is an extensive description of spruce used along with willow in the construction of basket traps for fishing.
Used in making the "hi'o" pole for the traditional stick dance to honor the dead.
Nelson - The Koyukon origin story for spruce tells about a woman who heard a tale that was so sad and terrible that she began to cry and pinch her skin. She was transformed into a spruce tree and her bark remained pinched and rough.
Nelson - White spruce is the principle source for firewood and building materials for a variety of items such as houses, boats, canoes, caches, tent frames, etc.
|
|
golden-colored spruce tree
|
udle deneł
|
utl1
|
70
|
|
|
Picea glauca
|
a variety of white spruce with golden needles
|
eł doyonh
|
eł3
|
35
|
|
|
|
dried spruce branch
|
k'etloo' ggunh
|
tloo
|
584
|
|
Nelson - Used as a toggle to attach to traps
|
|
fresh spruce gum, pitch
|
dzaah tl'eyh
|
dzaakk2
|
161
|
|
Sullivan - Used for boat repair
Nelson - Clear sap is used to disinfect sore.
Hard yellowish pitch is used as chewing gum.
Can be mixed with fat to make a varnish.
"..formerly burned in shamanistic curing session, yielding spiritual power from the spruce."
|
|
|
|
tl'eyh
|
605
|
|
|
|
hardwood of spruce or birch
|
ggʉyh
|
ggʉyh1
|
224
|
|
Nelson - Used in making woven traps to harvest otter
Used for making scow sleds (esp. Bettles area) and "gee poles."
On pages 142-144 of Tracks in the Wildland, Nelson gives a description of using spruce wood to make a blackfish trap.
|
|
red-colored, decayed spruce wood
|
ch'etodeetluh
|
tluh2
|
587
|
|
|
|
spongy, rotten spruce
|
nodooye tsone'
|
dooy2
|
152
|
|
Nelson - Combined with rotten "little tree" willow and is used to smoke hides. Combined in a ratio that is slightly more willow than spruce; use about a "medium-sized packsack" full to smoke two hides.
|
|
spruce bough
|
eł tloo'
|
tloo
|
584
|
|
Sullivan - Used as bedding material for sled dogs and covering tent floors in camp
Used as roofing material in summer shelters
|
|
spruce root
|
hʉyh
|
hʉyh2
|
277
|
|
Sullivan - Used as thread in sewing birch bark canoes and baskets
Nelson - Also notes that large, woody roots called k'aggaadla' are carved into spoons and bowls
|
|
spruce bark
|
|
|
|
Described from Nelson as k'ilot'oodza'
|
Nelson - "The bark is peeled from green trees to make camp floors, roofs, and tops for fish cutting tables."
Clark - Describes the construction of a traditional spruce bark house in "Koyukuk River Culture"
|
|
spruce cone
|
dekeldegheyhtl
|
gheyhtl::degheyhtl
|
247
|
|
Clark - "...if food supplies were low...the 'nuts' from the spruce cones were used as food supplements."
|
|
|
delojodzee
|
jots
|
194
|
|
|
|
spruce needle
|
eł begge'
|
eł3
|
35
|
|
Jetté - Needles are used to make a tea for use in a blood-letting ceremony.
Nelson - "The needles are boiled and the resulting infusion is drunk to cure kidney problems or to obtain spirit power from the spruce. This may also be applied to heal dry skin or sores."
|
|
|
eł tlenok'oodle'
|
k'ootl3
|
318
|
|
|
|
top of spruce tree
|
ts'ebaa loyet
|
baa4::ts'ebaa
|
77
|
|
Nelson - "The tops are cut from small trees and carried for spiritual protection in certain places."
Previously used in shamanistic practices to treat a sick individual.
|
![Picea glauca Picea glauca](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Picea_glauca_Fairbanks.jpg) Picea glauca
![Picea glauca Picea glauca](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Picea_glauca_UGA.jpg) Picea glauca - cones
![Picea mariana Picea mariana](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Picea_mariana.jpg) Picea mariana |
|
Salmonberry:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Rubus spectabilis
|
cloudberry
|
kkotl
|
kkotl2
|
340
|
|
|
![Rubus spectabilis Rubus spectabilis](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Rubus_spectabilis.jpg) Rubus spectabilis
![Rubus spectabilis Rubus spectabilis](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/80px-Rubus_spectabilis_1565.JPG) |
|
Rose:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Rosa acicularis
|
wild rose
|
hus dekene', hus
|
hus
|
265
|
|
|
|
|
kooyh
|
kooyh
|
305
|
|
|
|
rose blossom
|
kooyh kone'
|
kooyh
|
305
|
|
|
|
rose hip
|
kooyh loyde
|
kooyh
|
305
|
|
Nelson - Eaten raw
Source of vitamin C
|
|
|
hus loyde
|
hus
|
265
|
|
|
|
seeds of the rose hip
|
kooyh yee deneege'
|
kooyh
|
305
|
|
|
Dasiphora floribunda
|
tundra rose, shrubby cinquefoil
|
kk'uy' tloye'
|
tloy
|
584
|
|
|
![Rosa acicularis Rosa acicularis](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Rosa_acicularis.jpg) Rosa acicularis
![Dasiphora_floribunda Dasiphora_floribunda](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Dasiphora_floribunda.JPG) Dasiphora floribunda |
|
Rhubarb:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Polygonum alpinum
|
wild rhubarb
|
ggooł
|
ggootl2
|
217
|
Nelson identifies this with Rumex arcticus
|
Sullivan - "The leafstalks and stems, when young and tender, are eaten by the natives, either raw, or fried in grease, or boiled as greens."
|
|
dried stem of wild rhubarb
|
ggooł tsets
|
ggootl2
|
217
|
|
|
|
|
|
tsets2
|
636
|
|
|
![Polygonum alpinum Polygonum alpinum](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Polygonum_alpinum.jpg) Polygonum alpinum |
|
Raspberry:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Rubus idaeus
|
|
dets'en tl'aakk
|
tl'aakk1
|
589
|
Lit. 'goose + Ω' (unclear term)
|
|
Rubus idaeus
|
|
|
ts'en3
|
664
|
|
|
Rubus idaeus
|
|
neełdeggey
|
dekk1
|
129
|
|
|
![Rubus idaeus Rubus idaeus](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Rubus_idaeus.jpg) Rubus idaeus |
|
Potentilla:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Potentilla sp.
|
cinquefoil
|
nokk ggaadle'
|
nokk
|
489
|
Lit. 'Mineral lick root'
|
|
![Potentilla sp. Potentilla sp.](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Potentilla_sp.jpg) |
|
Nettle:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Urtica gracilis (Urtica dioica)
|
stinging nettle
|
hʉłts'eege
|
ts'eek1
|
654
|
Lit. 'that which stings us'
|
Jetté - "The Ten'a know how to prepare its fibres and used them to make twine for their nets, before the introduction of machine-made twine."
|
|
|
denaa'aandelt'ege
|
|
|
|
|
Urtica gracilis
|
|
k'aadelgudgze
|
guts2
|
196
|
Lit. 'that which repeatedly bites'
|
|
|
|
k'etsaan' kk'oge'
|
kk'ok2
|
363
|
See reference to translation and comparison under Grass.
|
|
![Urtica gracilis Urtica gracilis](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Urtica_gracilis.jpg) Urtica dioica gracilis |
|
Nagoonberry:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Rubus arcticus
|
nagoonberry
|
noghʉy tl'aakk
|
tl'aakk1
|
589
|
Lit. 'frog + Ω' (unclear term)
"Its relation to the frog is not apparent, but neither is there any clear connection in the case of dets' en tl'aakk, raspberry." --Jetté
|
Nelson - "Highly esteemed...is eaten raw when found."
|
Rubus arcticus
|
strawberry
|
kkotl
|
kkotl2
|
340
|
Riddle on pg. 340 refers to a cache leaning sideways
|
|
![Rubus arcticus Rubus arcticus](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Rubus_arcticus.jpg) Rubus arcticus
|
|
Moss:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
|
moss
|
nen'
|
naan'1
|
435
|
This noun is not present in most of Koyukon outside of the Upper dialect. Tl'otl is more common for moss.
|
|
|
moss
|
tl'otl
|
tl'otl1
|
611
|
Generic term
|
|
|
diaper, toilet material, Pampers, breech cloth for infants
|
k'etl'odle'
|
tl'otl1
|
611
|
"Perhaps the term would have applied first to the species of white moss used for this purpose…" Jetté
|
Jones - "In the past, moss was used as diaper material in cradles."
|
|
any aquatic or floating moss
|
dlot
|
dlot1
|
156
|
See entry under algae
|
|
Sphagnum sp.
|
a red moss
|
nen' tseege'
|
tseek
|
625
|
Lit. 'red ground'
|
Nelson - Used for log cabin chinking and insulation in cabin roofs.
|
Sphagnum sp.
|
|
|
naan'1
|
435
|
Lit. 'red moss'
|
|
Sphagnum sp.
|
|
tl'otl kk'es
|
tl'otl1
|
611
|
|
|
|
a white moss, used as a wick
|
semtl ggʉyh
|
ggʉyh2
|
225
|
Lit. 'gray moss'
|
Sullivan - Explains use as a wick in the "stone dish" lamp called lo'on tlok.
|
|
|
|
metl::semetl
|
99
|
Lit. 'gray moss'
|
Jetté - "Formerly used as a wick for the native lamp, which consisted of a small recipient filled with oil: the dried white moss was placed on edge, and when soaked with oil, was lighted. It gave a rather smoky and ill-fummed flame, but sufficient for ordinary purpose, such as cooking, etc."
|
Lycopodium sp.
|
club moss
|
deeltsaa' tlee'ole'
|
tsaa'1
|
617
|
Lit. 'mouse's pillow'
|
Jetté - "A creeping cryptogamous plant, resembling a spruce bough, growing on the ground, having a long sarmentose stem, along which small branches shoot upwards, and terminate in a club-like cluster of reproductive organs."
|
Lycopodium sp.
|
|
ggʉh tlaatleele'
|
ggʉh1
|
223
|
Lit. 'rabbit's axe'; 'baby tooth'
Club moss, the rabbit's axe, from a fancied resemblance of the spiked stem to an axe. --Jetté
|
Story on pg. 223 referring to baby's first front tooth.
|
|
cones of a club moss
|
k'ekoodle' tlee'oł
|
oł1
|
64
|
Lit. 'feather pillow'
|
|
|
dry lake moss
|
taahnaane'
|
naan'1
|
435
|
|
Jones - "Lake moss from dry lakes was used for insulation on roofs and as chinking material for log cabins."
|
|
lake moss
|
taahtl'odle'
|
tl'otl1
|
611
|
Lit. 'underwater moss'
|
Jones - "Lake moss is used for roof insulation. It is collected by cutting patches of it on a dry lake and rolling the patches up."
|
|
moss hummock
|
naaseneł
|
neł1::seneł
|
466
|
|
|
|
a water moss
|
taah nelʉgh
|
lʉgh2
|
426
|
Lit. 'underwater'
|
|
|
|
tl'otltseł
|
tl'otl1
|
611
|
Lit. 'moist moss'
|
Moss used as diaper material
|
|
thick growth of reddish-brown moss on lakes
|
dee'aadle
|
aatl1
|
28
|
|
|
![Sphagnum sp. Sphagnum sp.](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Sphagnum_moss.jpg) Sphagnum sp.
![Lycopodium sp. Lycopodium sp.](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/800px-Lycopodium_annotinum_161102a.jpg) Lycopodium sp. |
|
Marestail:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Hippuris vulgaris
|
goose grass
|
dets'en baabe'
|
baabe
|
79
|
Lit. 'goose's food'
|
|
Hippuris vulgaris
|
|
ch'edot'aagge baabe'
|
|
|
|
|
Hippuris vulgaris
|
marestail
|
tlaałtl'ughe
|
tl'uh
|
616
|
May also apply to white-flowered variety of Epilobium angustifolium. Etymology not obtained
|
|
Equisetum sp.
|
aquatic horsetail
|
|
|
|
|
|
![Hippuris vulgaris Hippuris vulgaris](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Hippuris_vulgaris.jpg) Hippuris vulgaris |
|
Lily:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Nuphar polysepalum
|
yellow pond lily, water lily rhizome
|
kkaalt'odle'
|
t'otl
|
555
|
|
|
Nuphar polysepalum
|
|
kkaahełt'odle'
|
|
|
|
|
Nuphar polysepalum
|
|
hʉghaałt'odle'
|
|
|
Designates the rhizome which may attain the size of a man's thigh, and is eaten by beavers and muskrats. --Jetté
|
|
Nuphar polysepalum
|
|
taah kkʉlot'odle'
|
|
|
Designates the rhizome which may attain the size of a man's thigh, and is eaten by beavers and muskrats. --Jetté
|
|
Nuphar polysepalum
|
fleshy rhizome or root of the yellow pond lily
|
taah ts'edone
|
don2
|
147
|
Lit. 'underwater food'
|
Jetté - "Eaten by caribous, and by natives in times of scarcity of other food."
|
Nuphar polysepalum
|
|
bekenall baabe'
|
baabe
|
79
|
Lit. 'beaver's food or moose's food'
See also Wild Calla.
|
Kwaraceius - "Commonly called the "root" of the yellow pond lily, which is edible, whereas the that of wild calla is poisonous to humans"
|
Nuphar polysepalum
|
|
deneege baabe'
|
neek1
|
456
|
Lit. 'moose's food'
|
|
Nuphar polysepalum
|
|
taałton
|
ton1
|
526
|
Lit. 'enclosed object in the water'
Pineapple-like rhizome of water lily
|
|
![Nuphar polysepalum Nuphar polysepalum](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Nuphar_polysepalum.jpg) Nuphar polysepalum |
|
Lichen:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Alectoria sp.
|
hair-like spruce lichen, old man's beard
|
netsey dogho'
|
gho2
|
250
|
Lit. 'your grandfather's (Raven's) beard'; 'bird's beard'
|
Jetté - black or dark-gray moss, parasitic on young spruce trees, and hanging from their branches in long filaments. From netsey, the 'grandfather', i.e., Raven of legends, and dogho' 'beard': This growth appears to absorb the sap of the tree, and when there is much of it, even if the leaves are still green, the wood is ready fuel for starting a campfire.
|
Usnea sp.
|
|
netseedogho'
|
gho2
|
250
|
Lit. 'your grandfather's (Raven's) beard'; 'bird's beard'
|
|
|
|
netsey dogho'
|
tsey
|
637
|
Lit. 'your grandfather's (Raven's) beard'; 'bird's beard'
|
|
Cladonia sp. and Cladina sp.
|
reindeer lichen
|
bedzeyh done'
|
don2
|
147
|
Lit. 'caribou's food'
|
|
Cladonia sp. and Cladina sp.
|
|
k'odooy
|
dooy1
|
151
|
|
|
Cladonia sp. and Cladina sp.
|
|
k'odoyoo'u
|
yoo'1
|
717
|
Analysis uncertain, uncommon in Koyukon, but widely attested elsewhere
|
|
![Alectoria sp. Alectoria sp.](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/alectoria_sarmentosa.jpg) Alectoria sp.
![Usnea sp. Usnea sp.](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/usnea_longissima.jpg) Usnea sp.
![Cladonia sp. Cladonia sp.](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Cladonia_or_Cladina.jpg) Cladonia sp. |
|
Larch:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Larix laricina
|
tamarack, larch
|
taat'egheł
|
gheł5::t'egheł
|
245
|
Lit. 'in-the-water cottonwood'
Term unique to western Alaskan Athabascan.
"The word is also applied by some speakers, to the t'egheł, or cotton-tree, Populus balsamifera." --Jetté
|
|
Larix laricina
|
|
łaat'aale
|
t'aał2
|
544
|
|
|
![Larix laricina Larix laricina](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Larix_laricina.jpg) Larix laricina |
|
Kinnikinnick: Filed under Bearberry |
|
Juniper:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translations
|
Use Information
|
Juniperus communis
|
|
tlaa ele'
|
eł3
|
35
|
Lit. 'rock's spruce bough'
|
Jetté - used in a decoction to be drank in association with puncturing ceremonies.
|
Juniperus communis
|
|
tlaa kk'uye'
|
kk'ʉy'
|
373
|
Lit. 'rock willow'
|
|
![Juniperus communis Juniperus communis](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Juniperus-communis.jpg) Juniperus communis |
|
Iris:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Iris setosa
|
rattle weed, wild flag, wild iris
|
beyee k'edeleloye
|
łoyh
|
418
|
Lit. 'in it something rattles'
|
Jetté - "A tall reed bearing coriaceous capsules in which loose dry seeds rattle when the plant is shaken."
|
Iris setosa
|
|
meyee k'edelezooze
|
soos
|
748
|
Lit. 'in it something rattles'
"So called from the sound made by its dry seeds in winter wind" --Jetté
|
|
Iris setosa
|
|
meyee k'edellaal
|
laał
|
383
|
Lit. 'in it something rattles'
|
Jetté - "A tall reed bearing coriaceous capsules in which loose dry seeds rattle when the plant is shaken."
|
![Iris setosa Iris setosa](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/iris_setosa.jpg) Iris setosa |
|
Indian Potato:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Hedysarum alpinum
|
wild carrot
|
tsoł
|
tsoł1
|
642
|
Especially refers to the edible root of the plant
|
Jetté - "The tsoł is good only during the winter, when the natives gather it, digging for it under the snow. It is then round and full, juicy and tender. After the thaw it loses its qualities, becomes hard, woody, and tasteless. It is also used as a substitute for tea or coffee. For this purpose, the root is sliced transversely in segments 1 to 2 inches long; these are divided longitudinally, by separating the fibers, and these are cut again across in small portions, which are afterwards dried and roasted in a frying pan. They are used as tea, in an infusion, and sometimes as a decoction. The beverage thus prepared is said to taste like chocolate."
|
Hedysarum alpinum
|
|
nen' t'oh daaldloyee
|
nen'1
|
475
|
Lit. 'those which are underground'; 'underground berry'
Especially refers to the edible root of the plant
|
|
Hedysarum alpinum
|
|
nen' yeh geege'
|
geege
|
184
|
Lit. 'berry under the ground'
Especially refers to the edible root of the plant
|
|
![Hedysarum alpinum Hedysarum alpinum](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Hedysarum_alpinum.JPG) Hedysarum alpinum |
|
Hudson Bay Tea:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Ledum palustre
|
Labrador tea
|
k'elaakk'ʉyh
|
kk'ʉy
|
372
|
Lit. 'V-shaped branch,' due to the opposing arrangement of leaves
In the Central dialect the bush itself is called łeyeł, and its florescence k'elokk'ʉyh. In the other dialects, łeyeł is used as common designator for all brush, or low bushes, and the plant as well as the terminal flower cluster is termed k'elokk'ʉyh
|
Jetté - "Thyrus (cluster) of white flowers of Ledum palustre said to have been used as a substitute for tea by employees of the Hudson Bay Company. The infusion of its leaves is believed to have medicinal properties, and whites occasionally drink it in the spring to 'purify the blood.'
|
Ledum palustre
|
|
tleehʉloo daaldloye
|
łoo
|
419
|
Lit. 'That which is on the crust'
Also called k'elokk'ʉyh
|
|
Ledum palustre
|
|
łeyeł
|
yeł3::łeyeł
|
692
|
Most often refers to dwarf birch
|
|
![Ledum palustre Ledum palustre](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Ledum_palustre.jpg) Ledum palustre |
|
Hemlock:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Cicuta mackenzieanna (Cicuta virosa)
|
poison water hemlock
|
k'enłnaaye
|
no8
|
481
|
Lit. 'that causes death'
|
|
|
|
heldedlee
|
detl2
|
136
|
Lit. 'that which trembles'
|
|
|
|
heldełee
|
|
|
|
|
![Cicuta virosa Cicuta virosa](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Cicuta_virosa.jpeg) Cicuta virosa |
|
Grass:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Family Graminae
|
|
k'etsaan'
|
tsaan'
|
619
|
|
|
Families Cyperaceae, Graminae, Juncaceae
|
sedge, wide grass, rush
|
tl'uh
|
tl'uh
|
616
|
According to Jetté, commonly used for Equisetum, but term is also applied to the various kinds of sedges
|
|
Eriophorum sp.
|
cotton grass
|
dechedzee
|
kuts
|
306
|
|
|
Family Graminae
|
dry grass, hay, straw
|
k'etsaan' tsedze
|
tsaan'
|
620
|
|
Nelson - Used a floor covering in winter shelters.
|
Family Graminae
|
fine grass
|
k'etsaan' lusge
|
tsaan'
|
619
|
|
|
|
fine grass used as duffel
|
kkaa yee daaldloye
|
kkaa8
|
323
|
Lit. 'that which is in footwear'
|
|
Alopercus aequalis
|
foxtail grass
|
łeechaa'
|
łee3
|
389
|
Lit. 'dog tail'
|
|
Hippuris vulgaris
|
mare's tail, goose grass
|
dets'en baabe'
|
baabe
|
79
|
Lit. 'goose's food'
|
|
|
grass of the tussocks
|
nokenyaał tlooghe'
|
yaał
|
679
|
|
|
Family Graminae
|
flower of grasses
|
k'etsaan' delodoge'
|
tsaan'
|
619
|
|
Jetté - "It is collected from the plants, and burnt in sacrifices to the spirits of dead shamans."
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jones - "It is food for the spirits of the dead."
|
|
grass-top
|
delodoge'
|
do*
|
143
|
Lit. 'that which stays on limb'
|
Jetté - Beard or awn of the grain of grass.
|
|
horsetail, jointed grass
|
hodolgheoge'
|
ghon1
|
254
|
Lit. 'that which is customarily connected together'
|
|
|
|
k'etsaan' ghoge'
|
ghon1
|
254
|
|
Jetté - "Rush, bulrush, reed; some tall and slender species grow in the marshes and lakes."
|
Urtica gracilus
|
sedge, flat-leaved grass with sharp edges, stinging nettle
|
k'etsaan' kk'oge'
|
kk'ok2
|
363
|
In Lower dialect it refers to stinging nettle and speakers use tl'uh when referring to sedge
|
Jetté - "The fibers of the nettle were formerly used to make cords and coarse thread."
|
Carex sp.
|
|
|
|
|
Refers to sedge in other dialects and stinging nettle becomes hʉłts'eege
|
Attla - "This is a lake grass, and it is the strongest kind of grass."
|
|
shiny green grass in lakes, meadow, lawns
|
tl'uh tl'eyh kkokk'e
|
tl'eyh
|
605
|
|
|
|
unidentified grass in lakes, possibly bulrush
|
denaakkaatl'oh deltudle
|
totl2
|
532
|
Lit. 'that which pops beneath our feet'
|
Attla - "It makes a popping noise when we walk on it in the late fall. Goose eat it but only when it is new growth."
|
|
|
Forget-Me-Not:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Myosotis sp.
|
|
senoghoolneghe yu
|
neh2
|
463
|
Lit. 'do not forget me'
Coined word from English
|
|
![Myosotis sp. Myosotis sp.](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Myosotis_sp.jpg) Myosotis sp. |
|
Fireweed:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Epilobium angustifolium
|
|
ch'entl'ene' ts'eeł'aane
|
tl'en1
|
601
|
Lit. 'that which we use for dentalia'
|
|
|
|
k'etssegheye ts'eeł'aane
|
ghey::tseghey
|
246
|
Lit. 'that which we use for marten-skin'; 'marten (parka) material'
|
Jetté - "This subsitution of the plant, worthless, for the valuable pelt, is allowed by custom, in the burnt offerings to the spirits, especially to the souls of the deceased shamans."
Zagoskin - leaves are used for making tea
|
![Epilobium angustifolium Epilobium angustifolium](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Epilobium_angustifolium.jpg) Epilobium angustifolium |
|
Equisetum:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Equisetum sp.
|
goose grass
|
huh ggoodle'
|
huh
|
263
|
Lit. 'goose's rhubarb'
|
|
|
nodule of the equisetum, "water berry"
|
deeltsaa' baabe'
|
tsaa'1
|
617
|
Lit. 'vole's food'
Also a generic term for mushroom
|
|
![Equisetum sp. Equisetum sp.](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Equisetum_sp.jpg) Equisetum sp.
|
|
Dogwood:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Cornus stolonifera
|
red-osier dogwood
|
kk'ʉkk'eze
|
kk'ʉy'
|
372
|
May not be derived from kk'ʉy'3 (willow) but rather from kk'ʉy1 (pelvis or spread object)
|
|
|
berry of the red-osier (American dogwood)
|
nek'enle'een geege'
|
een1
|
32
|
Lit. 'woodman's berry'
|
Not eaten
|
![Cornus stolonifera Cornus stolonifera](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/cornus_stolonifera.jpg) Cornus stolonifera |
|
Cow Parsely:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Heracleum lanatum
|
wild celery
|
lokk'oge
|
kk'ok2
|
363
|
Retranscription uncertain. Jette: "term of the extreme-lower dialect…not identified and found only in Lower Yukon."
|
Jette - "Largest of the three "wild celerys" in Alaska. Although stems have to be peeled to remove the outer layer (that can irritate skin), the portion iside is edible. It has a very strong odor, especially when crushed or peeled."
|
![Heracleum lanatum Heracleum lanatum](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Heracleum_lanatum.jpg) Heracleum lanatum |
|
Cottonwood:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Populus balsimifera
|
balsam poplar
|
t'egheł
|
t'egheł5
|
244
|
|
Nelson - The Koyukon origin story for balsam poplar tells about a woman who heard a tale that was so sad and terrible that she began to cry and slit her skin. She became the balsam poplar with its deeply cut bark.
Good for smoking meat and fish
|
|
cottonwood bark
|
|
|
|
|
Nelson - "...used to make fish net floaters and may have been peeled in slabs for smokehouse floors and walls. The bark is also burned as mosquito smudges."
|
|
buds
|
|
|
|
|
Nelson- "Pitchy buds are boiled with spruce needles (or with highbush cranberries and rose hips) to make medicine for healing sores."
|
![Populus balsimifera Populus balsimifera](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Populus_balsimifera.jpg) Populus balsimifera |
|
Commandra:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Geocaulon lividum
|
northern commandra
|
naaggedle geege'
|
geege
|
184
|
Lit. 'fox's berry'
|
|
|
timberberry
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
dogberry
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
toadflax
|
|
|
|
|
|
![Geocaulon lividum Geocaulon lividum](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Geocaulon_lividum.jpg) Geocaulon lividum |
|
Coltsfoot:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Petasites hyperboreus
|
|
kkaalbedze
|
bets1
|
101
|
Lit. 'spread out foot'
|
Low growing, found on hillsides, and eaten by bears --Jetté
|
Petasites frigidus
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
![Petasites hyperboreus Petasites hyperboreus](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/P_hyperboreus.jpg) Petasites hyperboreus
![Petasites frigidus Petasites frigidus](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/petasites_frigidus.jpg) Petasites frigidus |
|
Chokecherry:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Prunus sp.
|
|
dodetl'edzee ch'ejege'
|
tl'ets
|
604
|
Neologism for an introduced plant
|
|
![Prunus sp. Prunus sp.](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Prunus.jpg) Prunus sp. |
|
Carrot:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Hedysarum alpinum
|
wild carrot
|
tsoł
|
tsoł1
|
642
|
|
Jette - "The tsoł is good only during the winter, when the natives gather it, digging for it under the snow. It is then round and full, juicy and tender. After the thaw it loses its qualities, becomes hard, woody, and tasteless. It is also used as a substitute for tea or coffee. For this purpose, the root is sliced transversely in segments 1 to 2 inches long; these are divided longitudinally, by separating the fibers, and these are cut again across in small portions, which are afterwards dried and roasted in a frying pan. They are used as tea, in an infusion, and sometimes as a decoction. The beverage thus prepared is said to taste like chocolate."
|
|
|
Indian potato
|
nen' t'oh dalldloyee
|
nen'1
|
475
|
Lit. 'those which are underground'
|
|
|
|
nen' yeh geege'
|
|
|
Lit. 'underground berry'
|
|
![Hedysarum alpinum Hedysarum alpinum](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Hedysarum_alpinum.JPG) Hedysarum alpinum |
|
Calla:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Calla palustris
|
wild calla
|
bekenaal baabe'
|
baabe
|
79
|
Lit. 'beaver's food'; 'moose's food'
|
Kwaraceius - "Refers to fleshy rhizome of yellow pond lilly (Nuphar polysepalum) as well as wild calla." "Commonly called the root of yellow pond lily, which is edible, whereas that of wild calla is poisonous to humans."
|
|
|
taah ggoldzeede'
|
dzeet
|
168
|
Lit. 'water ball'
|
Kwaraceius - "Refers to the ball-like spadix (cluster of flowers) in the early summer, and to the berries later."
|
|
root of wild calla
|
taah ts'edone
|
don2
|
147
|
Lit. 'underwater food'
Also refers to yellow pond lily rather than wild calla root
|
|
![Calla palustris Calla palustris](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/CallaPalustris.jpg) Calla palustris |
|
Blueberry:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Vaccinium ulignosum
|
|
nełyaaghe
|
yo4
|
698
|
Lit. 'that which grows'
|
Nelson - Notes that along with cranberries these are the most important plant food to the Koyukon Athbascans.
Marcotte - Average collection in Huslia in 1983 was two gallons per household.
|
![Vaccinium ulignosum Vaccinium ulignosum](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Vaccinium_ulignosum.jpg) Vaccinium ulignosum |
|
Broom-rape:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Boschniakia rossica
|
poque
|
dotson' ggooneegge'
|
tson'
|
644
|
Lit. 'raven pipe'
|
Jones - "A plant with hollow stem used as a tube."
|
|
|
dotson' ch'echene'
|
|
|
|
|
![Boschniakia rossica Boschniakia rossica](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/boschniakia_rossica.jpg) Boschniakia rossica |
|
Bluebell:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Mertensia paniculata
|
lungwort
|
ggaał lodelyaaye
|
ggaał
|
200
|
Lit. 'those which are put in the king salmon's throat (mouth)'
|
Jetté - "They all seem to allude to a practice of putting the bluebell plant in the king salmon's mouth. No description of the custom could be obtained. The practice, as well as the various names, are entirely unknown to the upper tribe."
|
|
|
ggaał laagge zelaaye
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ggaał laagge nodelyaaye
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ggaał dzaaye'
|
|
|
|
|
Mertensia paniculata
|
|
noolaagh dzaaye'
|
dzaayh2
|
165
|
Lit. 'dog salmon's heart' or 'king salmon's heart'
|
|
|
|
ggaał dzaaye'
|
|
|
|
|
Mertensia paniculata or Valeriana capitata
|
unidentified bluebell or valerian
|
łookk'e lo daaldloye
|
lo2
|
404
|
unidentified plant that grows on the edge of lakes, possibly bluebell or valerian
|
Jones - "This is burned under a fishnet so that smoke drifts through the meshes to rid the net of bad luck."
|
![Mertensia paniculata Mertensia paniculata](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Mertensia_paniculata.jpg) Mertensia paniculata |
|
Birch:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Betula papyrifera
|
paper birch
|
kk'eeyh
|
kk'eeyh
|
353
|
|
Jetté - "Birchwood is used extensively in the making of sleds, canoe frames, snowshoes, etc., and for such purposes the birch that grows on hillsides, or in dry ground is always selected when available. The native claim that the one from the flood-plains rots easily and does not last over one year. My experience goes to confirm this statement."
Sullivan - Beginning on page 2 of the The Ten'a Food Quest, he gives a description of use for fish wheel baskets. On page 3 is a description of birch bark being used as canoe covering and how trees are selected for bark.
Sullivan - Inner bark is separated from outer bark and dried and roughened to prevent fish from slipping during processing. Bark is used as a watertight roofing material in combination with earth. Also used in basket making.
Sullivan - On page 28 of The Ethnology of the Ten'a Indians of Interior Alaska, he describes the process for making bow and arrows from green birch wood.
Nelson - On pages 177-185 of Tracks in the Wildland he gives descriptions and illustrations of how birch bark is gathered and used for a variety of containers.
Clark - Big game spears were made from a shaft of birch and a spear head made from moose tibia or bear ulna.
|
Betula nana
|
dwarf birch
|
łeyeł
|
yeł3
|
692
|
Means shrub in general, but when applied to a specific plant it most often means Betula nana, but can also refer to Betula glandulosa
|
|
Betula glandulosa
|
resin birch
|
kk'aan dikina
|
|
|
Described from Nelson, not in KAD
|
|
Betula papyrifera Betula nana |
|
Bearberry:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Arctostaphylos alpina
|
alpine bearberry
|
geeze noghe'
|
geeze
|
185
|
Lit. 'camprobber's eyes'
|
Nelson - Stored in moose fat or grease, and mixed with fish, meat or oil before eating
|
|
kinnikinnick
|
|
|
|
Noted as a common name for geeze noghe'
|
|
Arctostaphylos rubra
|
red-fruited bearberry
|
deneyh
|
neyh
|
476
|
Nelson notes this also applies to Arctostaphylos alpina and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
|
Jetté - "A berry resembling the haw, the fruit of the hawthorne, but round, not oblong and hardly ever over 3/8 inch in diameter. The natives collect it on hillsides, late in the fall, when it is still quite hard, and use it during winter, mostly in nonaałdlode. 'Indian ice cream'"
|
Arctostaphylos alpina Arctostaphylos rubra |
|
Baneberry:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Actacea rubra
|
|
nełtene ch'ejege'
|
ten5
|
513
|
Lit. 'thunder berry'
|
|
![Baneberry Baneberry](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/baneberry_I_think.jpg) Actacea rubra |
|
Aspen:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Populus tremuloides
|
quaking aspen
|
t'egheł kk'ooge
|
gheł5
|
244
|
Lit. 'tiny cottonwood, little cottonwood'
|
Nelson notes that aspen is used much in the same way as balsam poplar.
|
|
|
t'egheł yoze
|
|
|
|
|
|
small, dry standing aspen
|
t'egheł zooze'
|
soos
|
747
|
Lit. 'conical cottonwood'
|
|
![Populus tremuloides Populus tremuloides](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/PopulusTremuloidesBark.jpg) Populus tremuloides |
|
Ash:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Sorbus scopulina
|
mountain ash
|
dekenh ts'ot'eeye
|
t'aa01
|
541
|
Lit. 'wood that is evil'
|
Jetté - "Evil wood, a species of elder, having a voluminous light pith, and exhaling a rather strong odor of prussic acid. Grows to about six feet, the shoots clustering from one root. It is credited with special virtues to drive away the devils, more particularly those that cause sickness and most of all the denaa gheneede. It exposes however those who come in contact with it to the bane of the tleedotole. An old woman is generally the gatherer, and before cutting the twigs she lays some presents at the root, and makes apologies for the liberty which she is about to take, pleading the urgent necessity and the gheno kk'aat. The branches are brought to the camp and boiled in water, the decoction being used either as a potion or as a lotion. This remedy is used almost exclusively for children, and as a last resort, when all other measures have failed."
|
Sambucus racemosa
|
red elder
|
ł
|
|
|
|
Kwaraceius - "Jetté's descriptions, including the strong smell and the pithy wood, fit elder Sambucus racemosa (Jetté offered the same genus name). However, its northernmost range is around the southern border of Denali Park. Mountain ash, Sorbus scopulina, is a plant that superficially resembles elder. It ranges through much of the Koyukon Athabaskan area. However, it does not match Jetté's descriptions. Though both plants are used for medicinal and food purposes, one must exercise caution using them. The prussic acid in elder is poisonous and is found in almost all parts of the plant. However, the cooked, deseeded berries are edible and are used to make jams and jellies."
|
Sambucus racemosa Sorbus scopulina |
|
Artemesia:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Artemesia sp.
|
sage
|
tl’uh tsen
|
tl’uh
|
616
|
Lit. 'fragrant grass'
|
|
|
wormwood
|
|
|
|
|
|
Artemesia tilesii
|
stinkweed
|
tl’enh benee
|
ben5
|
98
|
Locally called stinkweed
|
|
![Artemesia tilesii Artemesia tilesii](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/A_tilesii2-vi.jpg) Artemisia tillesii |
|
Algae:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
|
any aquatic algae, free floating algae, floating moss
|
dlot
|
dlot1
|
156
|
|
Jetté - "An aquatic plant resembling a lichen without any apparent differentiated organs, floating as a gelatinous mass on lakes and slow streams."
|
|
reddish-brown algae
|
tokkotluh
|
tluh1
|
586
|
Lit. 'mushy substance on water surface'
|
Jetté - "Aquatic plant, probably an algae, moss-like, found floating in rusty brown filament, sometimes collected in lump-like masses, very soft and almost gelatinous."
|
|
underwater algae
|
taahdlode'
|
dlot1
|
156
|
|
Jetté - "A sort of aquatic plant, of rich green color, moss-like, and of a gelatinous consistency. Found in lakes and slow streams."
|
|
|
Alder:
Scientific Name
|
Related Terms
|
Koyukon Name
|
Koyukon Root
|
KAD Page
|
Notes on Translation
|
Use Information
|
Alnus sp.
|
|
kk'es
|
kk'es
|
357
|
Nelson ties this to Alnus crispa
|
Jetté - "The sap is used as a red stain for wood, moose skin and laftak."
Sullivan - After a child is born, the afterbirth, placenta and membranes are tied in a bundle and hung from this tree to decay.
Nelson - The Koyukon origin story for alder tells about a woman who heard a tale that was so sad and terrible that she began to cry and pinch her skin until it bled. She became the alder tree and this is why the alder's bark can be used to make red dye.
|
|
|
kk'ʉykk'eze
|
kk'ʉy3
|
372
|
Some discussion of term on KAD page 372
|
|
|
alder bark
|
kk'es lot'oodze'
|
kk'es
|
357
|
|
Nelson - Used to make reddish dye to color caribou skins and porcupine quills. Green bark is harvested in spring and allowed to dry, then soaked overnight in water or boiled. The bark and water are applied to stain the skin.
|
|
alder catkins
|
kk'es delodzoye'
|
kk'es
|
357
|
|
Jetté - "...alder catkins are burnt in offerings to the spirits."
|
|
alder stem
|
kk’es dokkuł
|
kkuł1
|
341
|
|
|
|
edible cone-like seed cases of red alder
|
kk'es deloghe geege
|
kk'es
|
358
|
Lit. 'alder branch berry'
|
|
|
alder charcoal
|
kk'es t'aaze'
|
kk'es
|
357
|
|
Jetté - "Obtained by charring small branches, is applied to the umbilical cord of newborn infants. It is sprinkled on the stump and frequently renewed during the first days."
|
![Alnus tenuifolia Alnus tenuifolia](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Alnus_tenuifolia_.jpg) Alnus tenuifolia
![Alnus tenuifolia Alnus tenuifolia](http://ankn.uaf.edu/ANL/file.php/10/Alnus_sinuata.jpg) Alnus sinuata |
|