| Scientific Name
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Related Terms
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Koyukon Name
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Koyukon Root
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KAD Page
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Notes on Translation
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Use Information
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Picea glauca
or
Picea mariana
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spruce tree or forest
|
ts'ebaa
|
baa4::ts'ebaa
|
77
|
Nelson gives ts'ibaa as the name for Picea glauca and ts'ibaa t'aal as Picea mariana. He also notes specific words used for spruce that is dry, half-dry or green.
|
Sullivan - Spruce is used green as end pieces of canoe frame.
In The Ten'a Food Quest there is an extensive description of spruce used along with willow in the construction of basket traps for fishing.
Used in making the "hi'o" pole for the traditional stick dance to honor the dead.
Nelson - The Koyukon origin story for spruce tells about a woman who heard a tale that was so sad and terrible that she began to cry and pinch her skin. She was transformed into a spruce tree and her bark remained pinched and rough.
Nelson - White spruce is the principle source for firewood and building materials for a variety of items such as houses, boats, canoes, caches, tent frames, etc.
|
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golden-colored spruce tree
|
udle deneł
|
utl1
|
70
|
|
|
Picea glauca
|
a variety of white spruce with golden needles
|
eł doyonh
|
eł3
|
35
|
|
|
|
dried spruce branch
|
k'etloo' ggunh
|
tloo
|
584
|
|
Nelson - Used as a toggle to attach to traps
|
|
fresh spruce gum, pitch
|
dzaah tl'eyh
|
dzaakk2
|
161
|
|
Sullivan - Used for boat repair
Nelson - Clear sap is used to disinfect sore.
Hard yellowish pitch is used as chewing gum.
Can be mixed with fat to make a varnish.
"..formerly burned in shamanistic curing session, yielding spiritual power from the spruce."
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|
|
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tl'eyh
|
605
|
|
|
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hardwood of spruce or birch
|
ggʉyh
|
ggʉyh1
|
224
|
|
Nelson - Used in making woven traps to harvest otter
Used for making scow sleds (esp. Bettles area) and "gee poles."
On pages 142-144 of Tracks in the Wildland, Nelson gives a description of using spruce wood to make a blackfish trap.
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red-colored, decayed spruce wood
|
ch'etodeetluh
|
tluh2
|
587
|
|
|
|
spongy, rotten spruce
|
nodooye tsone'
|
dooy2
|
152
|
|
Nelson - Combined with rotten "little tree" willow and is used to smoke hides. Combined in a ratio that is slightly more willow than spruce; use about a "medium-sized packsack" full to smoke two hides.
|
|
spruce bough
|
eł tloo'
|
tloo
|
584
|
|
Sullivan - Used as bedding material for sled dogs and covering tent floors in camp
Used as roofing material in summer shelters
|
|
spruce root
|
hʉyh
|
hʉyh2
|
277
|
|
Sullivan - Used as thread in sewing birch bark canoes and baskets
Nelson - Also notes that large, woody roots called k'aggaadla' are carved into spoons and bowls
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spruce bark
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|
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Described from Nelson as k'ilot'oodza'
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Nelson - "The bark is peeled from green trees to make camp floors, roofs, and tops for fish cutting tables."
Clark - Describes the construction of a traditional spruce bark house in "Koyukuk River Culture"
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spruce cone
|
dekeldegheyhtl
|
gheyhtl::degheyhtl
|
247
|
|
Clark - "...if food supplies were low...the 'nuts' from the spruce cones were used as food supplements."
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|
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delojodzee
|
jots
|
194
|
|
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spruce needle
|
eł begge'
|
eł3
|
35
|
|
Jetté - Needles are used to make a tea for use in a blood-letting ceremony.
Nelson - "The needles are boiled and the resulting infusion is drunk to cure kidney problems or to obtain spirit power from the spruce. This may also be applied to heal dry skin or sores."
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|
|
eł tlenok'oodle'
|
k'ootl3
|
318
|
|
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|
top of spruce tree
|
ts'ebaa loyet
|
baa4::ts'ebaa
|
77
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|
Nelson - "The tops are cut from small trees and carried for spiritual protection in certain places."
Previously used in shamanistic practices to treat a sick individual.
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