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AN ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
OF INDIAN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
IN FEDERAL AND PUBLIC SCHOOLS
by
Willard P. Bass
Southwestern Cooperative Educational Laboratory
1404 San Mateo Blvd., SE
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
May 1971
This
study was funded through a contract with the U.S. Department
of the Interior,
Bureau of Indian Affairs, Contract No. 14-20-0650-1689. The views
and findings stated herein are not necessarily those of the U.S.
Office of Education, and no endorsement is stated or implied.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This report is the culmination of nearly five
years of gathering, processing, and analyzing data. Literally
hundreds of people
have contributed in some measure to the project. Obviously,
it is not practicable to name them all, or even to attempt to make
personal mention of the scores of those who deserve special
recognition.
Appreciation is extended to officials of the Bureau
of Indian Affairs and of some state departments of education,
and to
superintendents
of participating public and federal schools for their cooperation
so vital to the initiation and continuation of the project.
Principals and faculty members were most gracious and helpful in
scheduling,
organizing, and assisting in the supervision of testing sessions
and in providing requested information. We are indebted to
a host of individuals who were engaged in directing or conducting
the
testing in the schools; many were SWCEL personnel and others
were faculty members or graduate students of various universities.
Gratitude
is expressed to many past and present members of the SWCEL data
management staff for their conscientious and
skillful
processing of the data, and to a number of secretaries for
their efficient handling of correspondence and careful
typing of copy.
Finally, thanks are extended to the hundreds of
students who took the tests and supplied requested information.
W.
P. B.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION
II. METHOD
The Sample
Measuring Instruments
Testing Procedures
Analysis of Data
III. ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT BY SCHOOL TYPES
One-Year Analyses
Two-Year Analyses
Three-Year and Four-Year Analyses
Summary of Analyses of Academic Achievement by School Types
IV.
ACADEMIC-ACHIEVEMENT BY AREAS
One-Year Analyses
Two-Year Analyses
Three-Year and Four-Year Analyses
Summary of Analyses of Academic Achievement by Areas
V. ACADEMIC
ACHIEVEMENT BY GRADE AND SEX
Academic Achievement by Grades
Academic Achievement by Sex
VI. RESPONSES TO OTHER MEASUREMENT
INSTRUMENTS
Responses to Questionnaire
Responses to Mooney Problem Check List
The Semantic Differential
Comparing Semantic Differential Scores by Concepts
Comparing Semantic Differential Scores by School Types
Comparing Semantic Differential Scores by Grades
Comparing Semantic Differential Scores by Areas
Comparing Semantic Differential Scores by Sexes
Responses to School Interest Inventory
Comparing School Interest Inventory Scores by School Types
and Areas
The California Psychological Inventory and
the Value Orientation Scale
The Vocational Aspiration Scale
VII. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VARIABLES
Variables
Measured
Correlations Between Achievement and Other
Variables
Relationships of Value Orientation and
Self-Concept to Academic Achievement
Academic Achievement and the Language
of the Home
VIII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Academic Achievement by Types of
Schools
Academic Achievement by Areas
Academic Achievement by Grades
Academic Achievement by Sexes
Responses to Other Measurement Instruments
Relationships Between Variables
APPENDIX A Tables of Mean Scores
of Criterion and Control Variables
With Analyses of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means by
School Types
APPENDIX B Tables of Mean Scores
of Criterion and Control
Variables With Analyses of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means
by Areas
APPENDIX C Student Questionnaire
APPENDIX D Participant High Schools
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control
Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion
Means of Ninth Grade Students By School Type, 1966-67
Table 2 Adjusted
Criterion Achievement Means and Rankings By Grade and School
Type; One-year Analyses
Table 3 Summary of Rankings of School
Types Based Upon Adjusted Criterion Achievement Means; One-year
Analyses
Table 4 Adjusted Criterion Achievement Means and Rankings By
Grade and School Type; Two-year Analyses
Table 5 Summary of
Rankings of School Types Based Upon Adjusted Criterion Achievement
Means; Two-year Analyses
Table 6 Adjusted Criterion Achievement
Means and Rankings By Grade and School Type; Three and Four-year
Analyses
Table 7 Summary of Rankings of School Types Based
Upon Adjusted Criterion Achievement Means; Three-year Analyses
Table 8 Total Rankings of School Types Based Upon Adjusted Criterion
Achievement Means; A11 Time Spans
Table 9 Mean Scores of Criterion
and Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted
Criterion Means of Ninth Grade-Students Fall 1966-Spring 1967,
By Area
Table 10 Adjusted Criterion Achievement Means and Rankings By
Grade and Area; One-year Analyses
Table 11 Summary of Rankings
of Areas Based Upon Adjusted Criterion Achievement Means; One-year
Analyses
Table 12 Adjusted Criterion Achievement Means and
Rankings By Grade and Area; Two-year Analyses
Table 13 Summary
of Rankings of Areas Based Upon Adjusted Criterion Achievement
Means; Two-year Analyses
Table 14 Adjusted Criterion Achievement
Means and Rankings By Grade and Area; Three and Four-year Analyses
Table 15 Summary of Rankings of Areas Based Upon Adjusted Criterion
Achievement Means; Three-year Analyses
Table 16 Summary of Rankings
of Areas Based Upon Adjusted Criterion Achievement Means; Four-year
Analyses
Table 17 Total Rankings of Areas Based Upon Adjusted Criterion
Achievement Means; A11 Time Spans
Table 18 Academic Achievement
By Grade; California Achievement Test Battery
Table 19 Mean
Raw Scores By Sex and Grade; California Achievement Battery
Table
20 Affirmative Responses of Students to Questionnaire Items
In Percentages By School Type
Table 21 Affirmative Responses
of Students to Questionnaire Items In Percentages By Areas
Table
22 Mooney Problem Check List Responses in Percentages By Sex
Table 23 Mooney Problem
Check List Responses
In Percentages For
Each Sex By Areas
Table 24 Mooney
Problem Check List
Responses
In 'Percentages
For Each Sex By School Type
Table 25 Mooney
Problem Check
List Responses
In Percentages
For Each Sex By Grades
Table 26 Mean
Scores of Factors
for Concepts
of
Semantic Differential
By School Type
and
By Grade
Table 27 Mean Scores of Factors
for Concepts
of
Semantic
Differential By Area and
By Sex
Table 28 Responses
to Selected
School
Interest Inventory Items In
Percentages
for Total
Sample
Table
29 Mean Weighted Scores of Indian High School Students On the
School Interest Inventory By School Types and Areas; Spring. 1968
Table 30 Analysis of Variance of School Interest Inventory Mean
Scores
Table 31 Average Weighted Scores of Indian High School Graduates,
Transfers and Unknowns, and Dropouts on the School Interest Inventory
Table 32 Mean Scores for Five California Psychological Inventory
Scales and the Value Orientation Scale By School Type and Sex;
Spring 1969
Table 33 Mean Scores for Five California Psychological Inventory
Scales. and the Value Orientation Scale By Area and Sex; Spring
1969
Table 34 Mean Scores for Five California Psychological Inventory
Scales and the Value Orientation Scale by Grade and Sex; Spring
1969
Table 35 Mean Scores for Five California Psychological Inventory
Scales and the Value Orientation Scale by Sex; Spring 1969
Table
36 Groups of Occupations Appearing in the Vocational Aspiration
Scale for Males With Rankings
Table 37 Groups of Occupations
Appearing in the Vocational Aspiration Scale for Females With
Rankings
Table 38 Coefficients of Correlation Between All Variables
Table 39 Coefficients of Correlation Between Academic Achievement
and Two Other Variables
Table 40 Actual and Expected Frequencies
of Home Language of Indian High School Students Who Achieved
at or above the 50th Percentile on the California Achievement Test;
Fall 1966 and Fall 1967
Table A1 Mean Scores of Criterion and
Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion
Means of Tenth Grade Students 1966-67, By School Type
Table A2 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis
of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Manes of Eleventh Grade Students
1966-67, By School Type
Table A3 Mean Scores of Criterion
and Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted
Criterion Means of Twelfth Grade Students 1966-67, By School Type
Table A4 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables. With
Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Ninth Grade
Students Fall 1967-Spring 1968, By School Type
Table A5 Mean
Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance
and Adjusted Criterion Means of Tenth Grade Students Fall 1967-Spring
1968, By School Type
Table A6 Mean Scores of Criterion and
Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion
Means of Eleventh Grade Students Fall 1967-Spring 1968, By School
Type
Table A7 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis
of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Twelfth Grade Students
Fall 1967-Spring 1968, By School Type
Table A8 Mean Scores of
Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and
Adjusted Criterion Means of Tenth Grade Students Spring 1968-Spring
1969, By School Type
Table A9 Mean Scores of Criterion and
Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion
Means of Eleventh Grade Students Spring 1968-Spring 1969, By School
Type
Table A10 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With
Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Twelfth
Grade Students Spring 1968-Spring 1969, By School Type
Table
A11 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis
of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Students Pre-tested
in Tenth Grade and Post-Tested in Eleventh Grade Spring 1969-Spring
1970, By School Type
Table A12 Mean Scores of Criterion and
Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion
Means of Students Pre-tested in Eleventh Grade and Post-Tested
in Twelfth Grade Spring 1969-Spring 1970, By School Type
Table A13 Mean Scores of Criterion
and Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted
Criterion Means of Students Pre-tested in Ninth Grade and Post-Tested
in Tenth Grade Fall 1966-Spring 1968, By School Type
Table A14 Mean Scores of Criterion
and Control Variables With Analysis
of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Students Pre-tested
in Tenth Grade and Post-Tested in Eleventh
Grade Fall 1966-Spring 1968, By School
Type
Table A15 Mean Scores of Criterion
and Control Variables With Analysis
of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Students Pre-tested
in Eleventh Grade and Post-Tested
in Twelfth Grade Fall 1966-Spring 1968, By School
Type
Table A16 Mean Scores of
Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and
Adjusted Criterion Means of Students Pre-tested
in Ninth Grade and Post-Tested
in Tenth Grade Fall 1967-Spring 1969, By School
Type
Table A17 Mean Scores of
Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and
Adjusted Criterion Means of Students Pre-tested in Tenth Grade
and Post-Tested in Eleventh Grade Fall 1967-Spring 1969, By School
Type
Table A18 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With
Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Students
Pre-tested in Eleventh Grade and Post-Tested in Twelfth Grade Fall
1967-Spring 1969, By School Type
Table A19 Mean Scores of Criterion
and Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted
Criterion Means of Students Pre-tested in Ninth Grade and Post-Tested
in Eleventh Grade Spring 1968-Spring 1970, By School Type
Table
A20 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis
of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Students Pre-tested
in Tenth Grade and Post-Tested in Twelfth Grade Spring 1968-Spring
1970, By School Type
Table A21 Mean Scores of Criterion and
Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion
Means of Students Pre-tested in Ninth Grade and Post-Tested in
Eleventh Grade Fall 1966-Spring 1969, By School Type
Table A22 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis
of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Students Pre-tested
in Tenth Grade and Post-Tested in Twelfth Grade Fall 1966-Spring
1969, By School Type
Table A23 Mean Scores of Criterion and
Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion
Means of Students Pre-tested in Ninth Grade and Post-Tested in
Eleventh Grade Fall 1967-Spring 1970, By School Type
Table A24 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With
Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Students
Pre-tested in Tenth Grade and Post-Tested in Twelfth Grade Fall
1967-Spring 1970, By School Type
Table A25 Mean Scores of Criterion
and Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted
Criterion Means of Students Pre-tested in Ninth Grade and Post-Tested
in Twelfth Grade Fall 1966-Spring 1970, By School Type
Table
B1 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis
of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Tenth Grade Students
Fall 1966-Spring 1967, By Area
Table B2 Mean Scores of Criterion
and Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted
Criterion Means of Eleventh Grade Students Fall 1966-Spring 1967,
By Area
Table B3 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis
of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Twelfth Grade Students
Fall 1966-Spring 1967, By Area
Table B4 Mean Scores of Criterion
and Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted
Criterion Means of Ninth Grade Students Fall 1967-Spring 1968,
By Area
Table B5 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis
of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Tenth Grade Students
Fall 1967-Spring 1968, By Area
Table B6 Mean Scores of Criterion
and Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted
Criterion Means of Eleventh Grade Students Fall 1967-Spring 1968,
By Area
Table B7 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis
of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Twelfth Grade Students
Fall 1967-Spring 1968, By Area
Table B8 Mean Scores of Criterion
and Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted
Criterion Means of Tenth Grade Students Spring 1968-Spring 1969,
By Area
Table B9 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis
of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Eleventh Grade Students
Spring 1968-Spring 1969, By Area
Table B10 Mean Scores of
Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and
Adjusted Criterion Means of Twelfth Grade Students Spring 1968-Spring
1969, By Area
Table B11 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control
Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion
Means of Students Pre-tested in Tenth Grade and Post-Tested in
Eleventh Grade Spring 1969-Spring 1970, By Area
Table B12 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis
of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Students Pre-tested
in Eleventh Grade and Post-Tested in Twelfth Grade Spring 1969-Spring
1970, By Area
Table B13 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control
Variables- With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion
Means of Students Pre-tested in Ninth Grade and Post-Tested in
Tenth Grade Fall 1966-Spring 1968, By Area
Table B14 Mean
Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance
and Adjusted Criterion Means of Students Pre-tested in Tenth Grade
and Post-Tested in Eleventh Grade Fall 1966-Spring 1-968, By Area
Table B15 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With
Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Students
Pre-tested in Eleventh Grade and Post-Tested in Twelfth Grade Fall
1966-Spring 1968, By Area
Table B16 Mean Scores of Criterion
and Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted
Criterion Means of Students Pre-tested in Ninth Grade and Post-Tested
in Tenth Grade Fall 1967-Spring 1969, By Area
Table B17 Mean
Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance
and Adjusted Criterion Means of Students Pre-tested in Tenth Grade
and Post-Tested in Eleventh Grade Fall 1967-Spring 1969, By Area
Table B18 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With
Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Students
Pre-tested in Eleventh Grade and Post-Tested in Twelfth Grade Fall
1967-Spring 1969, By Area
Table B19 Mean Scores of Criterion
and Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted
Criterion Means of Students Pre-tested in Ninth Grade and Post-Tested
in Eleventh Grade Spring 1968-Spring 1970, By Area
Table
B20 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis
of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Students Pre-tested
in Tenth Grade and Post-Tested in Twelfth Grade Spring 1968-Spring
1970, By Area
Table B21 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control
Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion
Means of Students Pre-tested in Ninth Grade and Post-Tested in
Eleventh Grade Fall 1966-Spring 1969, By Area
Table B22 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With
Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Students
Pre-tested in Tenth Grade and Post-Tested in Twelfth Grade Fall
1966-Spring 1969, By Area
Table B23 Mean Scores of Criterion
and Control Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted
Criterion Means of Students Pre-tested in Ninth Grade and Post-Tested
in Eleventh Grade Fall 1967-Spring 1970, By Area
Table B24 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control Variables With Analysis
of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion Means of Students Pre-tested
in Tenth Grade and Post-Tested in Twelfth Grade Fall 1967-Spring
1970, By Area
Table B25 Mean Scores of Criterion and Control
Variables With Analysis of Covariance and Adjusted Criterion
Means of Students Pre-tested in Ninth Grade and Post-Tested in
Twelfth Grade Fall 1966-Spring 1970, By Area
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