 Marshall
Cultural Atlas
This collection of student work is from
Frank Keim's classes. He has wanted to share these works for others
to use as an example of Culturally-based curriculum and documentation. These
documents have been OCR-scanned. These are available
for educational use only.
The Chum Salmon
(Oncorhynchus keta)
(Aluyak)
Chum salmon have the widest distribution of all
the Pacific salmon. They range from south of the Sacramento River in
California, west to an island near Japan, then up to the Arctic Ocean
and all the way up the Yukon River to Canada. Chum are also known as
dog salmon.
In the ocean they are metallic greenish-blue on
the top, and the rest is silver colored. Chums have fewer but larger
gillrakers than other salmon. After they reach freshwater they turn
green, black, red and purple.
Chum salmon often spawn in small side channels and
other areas where their eggs will survive. Some even travel all the
way up into Canada to spawn.
They deposit their eggs in redds located primarily
in upwelling spring areas and streams. The females can lay up to
2,700 eggs. Chum are similar in their habits to the Pink salmon, but
they don't move down to the ocean in the spring like the Pinks.
Before they move to the ocean they feed on little insects. Then in
late summer they bunch up into schools and move down to the ocean
where they eat zooplankton. By fall they move into the Gulf of
Alaska. Chum spend three to six years in the ocean before returning
to their spawning grounds. They vary in size from 4 to 30
pounds.
Sport fishermen only occasionally hook a Chum
salmon.
In the last five years an average of five million
Chum salmon were caught worth over 15 million dollars. Until recent
years Chum salmon were the least utilized of all the Pacific salmon
as a commercial species. The Department of Fish and Game has recently
begun to build hatcheries primarily for Chum salmon
production.
By Willie Paul
Fitka
Christmastime Tales
Stories real and imaginary about Christmas, Slavik, and the New Year
Winter, 1996 |
Christmastime Tales II
Stories about Christmas, Slavik, and the New Year
Winter, 1998 |
Christmastime Tales III
Stories about Christmas, Slavik, and the New Year
Winter, 2000 |
| Summer Time Tails 1992 |
Summertime Tails II 1993 |
Summertime Tails III |
| Summertime Tails IV Fall, 1995 |
Summertime Tails V Fall, 1996 |
Summertime Tails VI Fall, 1997 |
| Summertime Tails VII Fall, 1999 |
Signs of the Times November 1996 |
Creative Stories From Creative Imaginations |
| Mustang Mind Manglers - Stories of the Far Out,
the Frightening and the Fantastic 1993 |
Yupik Gourmet - A Book of
Recipes |
|
| M&M Monthly |
|
|
| Happy Moose Hunting! September Edition 1997 |
Happy Easter! March/April 1998 |
Merry Christmas December Edition 1997 |
| Happy Valentine’s
Day! February Edition
1998 |
Happy Easter! March/April Edition 2000 |
Happy Thanksgiving Nov. Edition, 1997 |
| Happy Halloween October 1997 Edition |
Edible and Useful Plants of Scammon
Bay |
Edible Plants of Hooper Bay 1981 |
| The Flowers of Scammon Bay Alaska |
Poems of Hooper Bay |
Scammon Bay (Upward Bound Students) |
| Family Trees and the Buzzy Lord |
It takes a Village - A guide for parents May 1997 |
People in Our Community |
| Buildings and Personalities of
Marshall |
Marshall Village PROFILE |
Qigeckalleq Pellullermeng ‘A
Glimpse of the Past’ |
| Raven’s
Stories Spring 1995 |
Bird Stories from Scammon Bay |
The Sea Around Us |
| Ellamyua - The Great Weather - Stories about the
Weather Spring 1996 |
Moose Fire - Stories and Poems about Moose November,
1998 |
Bears Bees and Bald Eagles Winter 1992-1993 |
| Fish Fire and Water - Stories about fish, global warming
and the future November, 1997 |
Wolf Fire - Stories and Poems about Wolves |
Bear Fire - Stories and Poems about Bears Spring,
1992 |
|
