Marshall Cultural Atlas

This collection of student work is from Frank Keim's classes. He has wanted to share these works for others to use as an example of Culturally-based curriculum and documentation. These documents have been OCR-scanned. These are available for educational use only.

 

 

 

 

Whitefish

Whitefish are the most abandant group of fish north of the Alaska Range, inhabiting almost every type of river or freshwater habitat in this section of Alaska.

There are seven different types of white fish: Broad, Humpback, Pygmy, Round, Least Cisco, Bering Cisco, and Arctic Cisco.

The Broad and Humpback whitefish are referred to as true whitefish. In both species the mouth is underneath, an adaptation for bottom feeding. Their diet consists mainly of small clams, snails, aquatic insects larvae and freshwater shrimp. In both species the head is small and the body is large. The Broad whitefish can be distinguished from the Humpback by its large size.

In Alaska the Broad (Akakiik) whitefish is found in the Yukon and Kuskokwim River drainages and in the Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea and Arctic Ocean drainages. Spawning occurs in the fall with most fish spawning over a gravel bottom. The Humpback (Cingikeggliq) whitefish is distributed in all drainages north of the Alaska Range, as well as in those of the Copper and Susitna Rivers. At 4 - 5 years of age they start their first spawn. Spawning occurs in October usually over a gravel bottom. They get to about 22 inches and five pounds in eight years. Both the Broad and Humpback whitefish are important in the subsistence ecomony of Alaska Natives.

Round (Qaurtuq) and Pygmy whitefish both have rounded cigar-like bodies with tiny pointed snouts and single nasal flaps. In both species the upper jaw extends out over the lower jaw so the mouth is underneath. The young whitefish have parr marks that disappear in the second year of life. The Round whitefish grows up to 16 inches in length while Pygmy whitefish rarely reach eight inches.

The Least Cisco is a slender herring-like fish. Adults are brown to olive green and silvery below. They are found in lakes, streams and estuaries of the Bristol Bay drainage. At 4-6 years of age mature Least Cisco migrate upstream in the fall to spawn. They are very important in the food chain because other fish such as sheefish, pike and burbot eat them.

Arctic and Bering Ciscoes (Imarpinraq) are similar in appearance. They are easily distinguished from the Least Cisco by their smaller eyes and scales, more silvery color, white pectoral and pelvic fins and terminal mouths. Both these ciscoes feed on invertebrates and small fish. The Arctic Cisco is found in Arctic Alaska (from Barrow east), Canada and Siberia. Bering Cisco are found in the Bering Sea drainages of the Seward Peninsula, Norton Sound and in those of the Yukon and Kuskokwim Rivers.

Jackie Paul George

 

King Or Chinook salmon	- Lois Moore
Coho or Silver Salmon	- Jonathan Boots
The Chum Salmon	- Willie Paul Fitka
Pink or Humpback Salmon	- Tatiana Sergie
Sockeye or Red Salmon	- Jack George
Burbot	- Lois Moore
Northern Pike	- Mary June Tinker
The Sheefish in Alaska	- Tatiana Sergie
Whitefish	- Jackie Paul George
Pacific Herring	- Cheryl Hunter
The Arctic Grayling	- Rose Lynn Fitka
The Dungeness Crab	- Rose Lynn Fitka
Rainbow Trout	- Willie Paul Fitka
Dolly Varden	- Cheryl Hunter
The Arctic Char	- Charlotte Alstrom
Lake Trout	- Jonathan Boots
The King Crab	- Charlotte Alstrom

 

Fishy Research	Student Whoppers	Parent Whoppers	Elder Whoppers
Staff Whoppers	Adventures Under the Sea	Global Warming	The Crystal Ball--Imagining how it will be

 

Christmastime Tales Stories real and imaginary about Christmas, Slavik, and the New Year Winter, 1996	Christmastime Tales II Stories about Christmas, Slavik, and the New Year Winter, 1998	Christmastime Tales III Stories about Christmas, Slavik, and the New Year Winter, 2000
Summer Time Tails 1992	Summertime Tails II 1993	Summertime Tails III
Summertime Tails IV Fall, 1995	Summertime Tails V Fall, 1996	Summertime Tails VI Fall, 1997
Summertime Tails VII Fall, 1999	Signs of the Times November 1996	Creative Stories From Creative Imaginations
Mustang Mind Manglers - Stories of the Far Out, the Frightening and the Fantastic 1993	Yupik Gourmet - A Book of Recipes
M&M Monthly
Happy Moose Hunting! September Edition 1997	Happy Easter! March/April 1998	Merry Christmas December Edition 1997
Happy Valentine’s Day! February Edition 1998	Happy Easter! March/April Edition 2000	Happy Thanksgiving Nov. Edition, 1997
Happy Halloween October 1997 Edition	Edible and Useful Plants of Scammon Bay	Edible Plants of Hooper Bay 1981
The Flowers of Scammon Bay Alaska	Poems of Hooper Bay	Scammon Bay (Upward Bound Students)
Family Trees and the Buzzy Lord	It takes a Village - A guide for parents May 1997	People in Our Community
Buildings and Personalities of Marshall	Marshall Village PROFILE	Qigeckalleq Pellullermeng ‘A Glimpse of the Past’
Raven’s Stories Spring 1995	Bird Stories from Scammon Bay	The Sea Around Us
Ellamyua - The Great Weather - Stories about the Weather Spring 1996	Moose Fire - Stories and Poems about Moose November, 1998	Bears Bees and Bald Eagles Winter 1992-1993
Fish Fire and Water - Stories about fish, global warming and the future November, 1997	Wolf Fire - Stories and Poems about Wolves	Bear Fire - Stories and Poems about Bears Spring, 1992

 

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